Cellular Evolution Response :: essays research papers

The golgi apparatus and the mitochondria ar both eukaryotic bond organelles. The Golgi apparatus is a tissue layer-bound organelle effect near the booth nucleus in eukaryotic electric cells which is responsible for form and packaging proteins for secretion to various destinations in the cell. It is typic tout ensembley comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae. Cells may give way many cisternae. Vesicles near the golgi are involved in the transfer of material between the golgi and other structures. The mitochondria is a site for cellular respiration. It generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other sources with the charge of oxygen. The mitochondria has two membranes. Both membranes are do of a phosolipid bilayer with embedded proteins, solely the (smooth)outer membrane doesnt confuse folds, cristae, that the inner membrane has. The inner membrane makes the proteins and enzymes that are used for cellular res piration.The two membranes are separated by a space, called the intermembrane space. The two membranes surround the mitochondrial matriz which contains enzymes, ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondria makes the ATP needed to help the cell function. b) DNA is a double helix and it replicates itself by separating the two strands eon each serves as a template for new nucleotides to pair up into two new complementary strands. In prokaryotes, DNA is located all over the cell, but in eukaryotes it is only in the nucleus, and more specifically on their chromosomes. Prokaryotic DNA are located in loops, and does non contain the proteins found in eukaryotic DNA. Prokaryotes DNA has less unconstructive DNA than eukaryotes do, who have about 95% unhelpful DNA. Prokaryotes also have less complex transcriptional regulatory mechanisms than eukaryotes. The cell wall is a squiffy layer surrounding a cell that gives it support and protection. It protects the inside of the cell from internal movement while supporting the cell. Animal cells do not have cell walls, instead, they have a semi-permeable plasma membrane. Most prokaryotes have cell walls made of peptidoglycan made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides. They are semi-rigid and protect the bacteria again possible toxins. Unlike prokaryotes, the cell walls of lay out cells are made of cellulose, while the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.