An Unexpected Message from Our Past :: Barker Regeneration Essays

An Unexpected Message from Our Past Who decides that being different is a trait to be looked down upon? In the late 19th century, it was the English Parliament with the passage of the Criminal jurisprudence Amendment Bill, specifically outlawing all forms of male homosexual expression. This law, combined with the already negative attitude surrounding the gay community before and after World War I, implied that homosexuality was several(prenominal)thing to be ridiculed and scorned. This trend unfortunately continues yet over a century later. Pat Bakers Regeneration, starting on page 54 and continuing throughout the novel, repeatedly uses a non-fictional character, Siegfried Sassoon, to exhibit the unnecessary hurt that homosexuals experienced throughout history, an angle that was often neglected when homosexuals were discussed one hundred years ago. Regeneration displays the conflict that many homosexuals are tormented by when deciding whether to pull round for themselves and thei r personal needs or whether to conform in order to blend in with society.In the late 19th century, the purity movement was well current in England. Serious efforts made by those involved in legislation were creating a climate where immorality could be tackled seriously (Mort 114). With the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill in 1885, the first steps were taken toward an improved moral climate in the country (Mort 129). While this new law included some positive improvements such as elevating the age of sexual consent for women from 13 to 16, a surprising plus was made just before the final pick out was taken in Parliament. Henry Labouchere, a liberal in the House of Commons, introduced a clause outlawing all forms of male homosexual contact (Mort 129). The public embraced the addition and the general negative attitude toward homosexuality continued to grow with the law on its biased side as well (Robb 57).Ten years later, share for homosexual males continued to look grim. On May 25, 1895, Oscar Wilde, a renowned playwright, was found guilty of engaging in homosexual activity and reprobated to the maximum punishment allowed imprisonment for two years with hard labor. The judge, disgusted with Wilde, declared, People who can do these things must be dead to all sense of shame, and he deemed the sentence inapt for such a vial criminal (Barger). In the years following, little change was made to ease the growing tension. When Edward Carpenter published his take The Intermediate Sex in 1909, he encouraged the acceptance and understanding of people with different sexual preferences and practices than those who found themselves in the majority.

The Way it Was :: essays research papers

Washington Post Research Points to a Key Alzheimers Risk promoterKey TermsAmino Acids An organic molecule with a enthalpy atom, amino group, an acid group, an R group which are all covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.Genes Unit of information about a heritable trait passed from parents to their offspring.Hypothesis possible explanation, of a phenomenon, one that has potential to be proved false by experimental tests.Statins cholesterol lowering drugs.Text References Chapter 16 Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering- pg. 741-743 on vitamins and the essential amino acids.Summary Researchers believe that homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood, is the cause for an increased number of deaths from Alzheimers disease. Chances of getting this disease are believed to almost be doubled due to high content of the amino acid in the blood. Scientists believe now that they can determine people who are at greater risk and also be able correct the problem. The answer, scientists believe, is t o plainly lower the high centres of homocysteine in the blood by taking certain vitamin supplements.New research by scientists have led us to the conclusion that the higher(prenominal) amounts of homocysteine in the blood the greater chance of getting Alzheimers disease. In the late 1980s , scientists studied 1,100 participants all with the average age of 75, to see what amount of homocysteine was present in their blood. Approximately eight years later, 10% of those tested had developed dementia, most of its attribute to Alzheimers. The 30% which had the highest content of homocysteine in their blood had double the risk of developing the disease.The data found by scientists has lead them to believe homocysteine is the cause for elevated occurrences of Alzheimers disease. Scientists believe that homocysteine accounts for 15% of the populations risk of developing Alzheimers disease. seemingly if the 15% of those cases were prevented that would mean a much fewer amount of cases of A lzheimers disease from occurring.Willaim Jagust a neurologist from the University of California at Davis tends to disagree with the results. Dr. Jagust states, If we lower homocysteine levels, bequeath we lower the risk of Alzheimers disease? He questions homocysteine because he says there are many other factors which play a role involving dementia and Alzheimers disease.

Frankenstein overview :: Character Analysis, Literary Analysis

Frankenstein is, in my opinion a story about a scientist who makes a being who possesses more soul than its creator. The scene in which the creation of young Victor stands by Victors beside, while startling understandably, gives you compassion over this poor being. The scene where he says. His jaws opened, and her muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks... one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me.... This suggests a yearning for contact with the outside world.                     What I really consider disturbing is the narcissistic manner in which Victor operates himself. He wallows in his own tragedy. He is more interested in his own wretchedness than the fate of his beleaguered family or plain this abusive environment his creation faces. He brings his sorrow upon himself, but yet at every opportunity is contemplates the abortion of his creation, even though he c onstantly ignores him, when he yearns for his love.     I wonder whether the villagers find the creature so terrible because is so deformed, or because his appearance suggests a life so malevolent that they cannot sink in to imagine it. He is constantly attacked with no real cause. I ponder this because if he were truly so fearsome, why would one engage him face to face. peradventure they believe that his presence is pure evil and a danger automatically. Or maybe its because his appearance is so different from theirs. People are neer very welcome to the outcasts of society.     Another thing so appealing was Waltons admiration of Victor. For a man so lonely that he finds

Huckleberry Finn, Daisy Miller and Sister Carrie as Heroes Essay

The definition of a hero is non straight-edged. Heroes argon, however, imagined to possess certain qualities. Courage, romanticism, charming beauty, and a willingness to defy fiat are four in truth prominent characteristics amongst heroes and contribute to todays notion of heroism. In order to decide if and to what extent any character lives up to the standards of heroism, one must search for these qualities. Huckleberry Finn, Daisy Miller, and Sister Carrie are three heroes from three different novels. It has already been decided that they are heroes. Therefore, the question is not whether or not they are heroes. The question is to what extent do they fill this notion of heroism? To what extent do they possess courage, romanticism, noncompliance, and beauty? As their characters? are searched and examined, one will discover that each may be a little brave, romantic, rebellious, and attractive, but they all fall short of the complete hero. Huckleberry Finn is brave, but h e lacks romanticism and beauty and caves into society?s pressure. Daisy Miller stands firm when society tells her to change, but she lacks real courage, romanticism, and beauty. Lastly, Sister Carrie is beautiful and romantic, but she is neither courageous nor willing to resist society?s influences. The three characters ? Huck, Daisy, and Carrie ? overcome some obstacles and strain heroic qualities, while other obstacles hinder them. Huckleberry Finn, hero of Mark Twain?s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, possesses courage, one of the four main pillars of a heroic building. However, his building does not stand tall because he lacks the other three pillars. His foundation is not sturdy. He, like all of the characters, falls short of the heroic ... ...use he is a dupe to his environment. On one page he is Huck and on the next he is ?Tom Sawyer.? And then there is Carrie, the imitator. Her final profession as an actress abruptly fits her character. Daisy is the only one who stays true to her character. She may just be a daisy, but she is a dependable daisy. Her character is consistent, and, therefore, one can hope that the heroic qualities she does possess will persevere in any conditions, even if unwavering means death. Works CitedDreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. New York Bantam Books, 1982.James, Henry. Daisy Miller. England Penguin Books, 1986.Twain, Mark and doubting Thomas Cooley, ed. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Norton Critical Edition. 3rd ed. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1999.?Heroism.? Online Dictionary. February 2005. Internet 12 February 2005. Available .

Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Social Repression in The Yellow paper The Yellow Wallpaper is a symbolic tale of sensation chars struggle to break free from her psychogenic prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the lector how quickly insanity takes hold when a person is taken out of background and completely disjunct from the rest of the world. The narrator is a depressed woman who cannot handle being alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to accepting her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of womens rights in caller and we see the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The story unfolds as the unsung narrators condition is revealed. She is a common woman wo(e) from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, John (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate in an attempt to help her recuperate and recover. From the outgrowth it becomes apparent that she is an unreliable narrator due to her state of mind. The paragraphs of the story are brusk and choppy, indicating an inability to concentrate and possession of a mind that jumps from one hit-or-miss topic to the next. The narrator talks close her imaginings that the house is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can feel it. She also relates how every sudor completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, delegate depression and paranoia. While an ordinary mother feels an intense bond and a desire to be with her child,... ...otte Perkins Gilman. New York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The qualification of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to larn Your Own L ife. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic purpose of Hysteria A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical muliebrity Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78 Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essaysSocial Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is a symbolic tale of one womans struggle to break free from her mental prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the reader how quickly insanity takes hold when a person is taken out of context and completely isolated from the rest of the world. The narrator is a depressed woman who cannot handle being alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to accepting her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of womens rights in society and we see the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The story unfolds as the nameless narrators condition is revealed. She is a common woman suffering from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, John (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate in an attempt to help her recuperate and recover. From the outset it becomes apparent that she is an unreliable narrator due to her state of mind. The paragraphs of the story are short and choppy, indicating an inability to concentrate and possession of a mind that jumps from one random topic to the next. The narrator talks about her imaginings that the house is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can feel it. She also relates how every exertion completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, indicate depression and paranoia. While an ordinary mother feels an intense bond and a desire to be with her child,... ...otte Perkins Gilman. New York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical Woman Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78

Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Social Repression in The Yellow wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is a symbolic tale of one womans struggle to break free from her mental prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the reader how quickly lunacy takes hold when a person is taken out of context and completely stranded from the rest of the world. The bank clerk is a depressed woman who cannot handle universe alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to accepting her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of womens rights in society and we see the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The story unfolds as the nameless narrators condition is revealed. She is a common woman suffering from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, John (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate of the realm in an attempt to help her recuperate and recover. From the outset it becomes apparent that she is an unreliable narrato r due to her state of mind. The paragraphs of the story are short and choppy, indicating an inability to put up and possession of a mind that jumps from one random topic to the next. The narrator talks about her imaginings that the house is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can feel it. She also relates how every exertion completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, indicate depression and paranoia. spot an ordinary mother feels an intense bond and a desire to be with her child,... ...otte Perkins Gilman. forward-looking York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A written report of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Making of a origin Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical Woman Sex voices and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78 Social Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essaysSocial Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is a symbolic tale of one womans struggle to break free from her mental prison. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the reader how quickly insanity takes hold when a person is taken out of context and completely isolated from the rest of the world. The narrator is a depressed woman who cannot handle being alone and retreats into her own delusions as opposed to accepting her reality. This mental prison is a symbol for the actual repression of womens rights in society and we see the consequences when a woman tries to free herself from this social slavery. The story unfolds as the nameless narrators condition is revealed. She is a common woman suffering from slight hysterical tendencies. As a result, her husband, John (a respected physician), has taken her to an isolated country estate in an attempt to help her recuperate and recover. From the outset it becomes apparent that she is an unreliable narrator due to her state of mind. The paragraphs of the story are short and choppy, indicating an inability to concentrate and possession of a mind that jumps from one random topic to the next. The narrator talks about her imaginings that the house is haunted, . . . There is something strange about the house - I can feel it. She also relates how every exertion completely exhausts her. These symptoms, as well as the numerous referrals by the narrator to the baby, indicate depression and paranoia. While an ordinary mother feels an intense bond and a desire to be with her child,... ...otte Pe rkins Gilman. New York Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1975. ---. Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Denise D Knight. New York, Twayne Publishers, 1997. 106-107. Hill, Mary A. Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Making of a Radical Feminist, 1860-1896. Philadelphia Temple UP, 1980. Kennard, Jean E. Convention Coverage or How to Read Your Own Life. New Literary History 13 (Autumn 1981) 69-88. Palis, James., et al. The Hippocratic Concept of Hysteria A Translation of the Original Texts. Integrative Psychiatry 3.3 (1985) 226-228. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll The Hysterical Woman Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th-Century America, Social Research 39 (Winter 1972) 652-78

Dental Caries

Dental Caries is a chronic disease of childhood that has reached epidemic proportions (Garcia-Cortes et al., 2014). The viva voce health of children is precise for their over exclusively well-being with prompt diagnosis and early management being a key to the success of this approach. Despite significant progress in bring down viva voce diseases in developed countries over the past collar decades, alveolar caries remains a significant public health problem, particularly amongst disfavour mountain and people living in remote atomic number 18as (Estai et al., 2017c).Saudi Arabia is a large country with over 700 towns and villages. Despite the growth of dentistry in the Kingdom, thither are still really few areas with specialized paediatric dental care. Specialists tend to be concentrated in the major towns and cities (AlShammery, 2016a). This growings the challenge of providing high flavour pediatric dental care to every part of the Kingdom. This is a problem, as it is do cumented that a lack of dental care to the primary teeth go out increase the risk of dental problems in the permanent teeth (Li and Wang, 2002).Pediatric dentistry is a complex field with the interaction of many distinguishable specialties. Children require not only restorative and endodontic care to the primary teeth but also require consultations from endodontists, prosthodontists and orthodontists on the condition of the tooth and future treatment planning. It is very touchy to locate such(prenominal) multi-disciplinary care even in smaller towns and al most(prenominal) impossible to obtain in remote villages of the Kingdom (AlShammery, 2016a).As a allow of this maldistribution in the dental workforce, many rural and remote communities in are left underserved, leading to untreated oral disease (Estai et al., 2017b). Workforce shortages, sparsely dwell regions, funding challenges and the decreasing cost of and advances in technology, get under ones skin resulted in an increa sed interest in the adoption of telemedicine divine services (Bradley et al., 2010).The use of affair commuting in dentistry is not a new concept. One of the potentially viable solutions to address geographical hurdles and the unavailability of dentists is mobile teledentistry (Estai et al., 2016b). Teledentistry allows local service providers to intoxicate advice from specialists without the patient having to leave the local practice (Marino et al., 2016).Teledentistry is a domain of telemedicine that emerges from the combination of information communication technology (ICT) and dentistry.For several decades, telemedicine has played a role in bridging gaps and overcoming barriers related to distance through expanding care entre to unreachable populations (Estai et al., 2016a). Teledentistry is defined as the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical oral health care, patient and professional health related education, pub lic health, and health administration (Marino and Ghanim, 2013).It is one of a number of growing solutions to address circumscribed access to dental care is the utilization of telemedicine technologies in the screening for oral diseases, providing care, evaluation of care and referral (Estai et al., 2016c). There are two telemedicine modalities real-time consultation and store-and-forward. For most dental applications, the store-and-forward method provides excellent results without excessive costs for equipment or connectivity (Daniel and Kumar, 2014). Mobile teledentistry is a sub see of telemedicine that incorporates cellular phone technology and store-and-forward telemedicine into oral care services.Almost all smartphones have a built-in camera and mobile connectivity and are readily accessible at a low cost. (Estai et al., 2016d). Despite dental photography beseeming an entire part of daily dental practice, it has rarely been used as means of diagnosis, consultation, or refer ral in routine practice. However, evidence on the use of smartphone cameras in epidemiologic dental research is rare (Estai et al., 2017b).Given the need for specialist consultation in the remote parts of Saudi Arabia, there is a need for a piece of work to examine the reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in the Kingdom.Since the heterogeneous dentition is the period of maximum dental change for a child, this study cerebrate on the use of mobile phone teledentistry in the mixed dentition.1.2 Aim of the StudyThe aim of the study is to test the reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in diagnosis of dental caries of children in the mixed dentition.1.3 Specific Objective of the StudyThe study had the following specific objective, which is to compare the diagnosis of oral caries in the mixed dentition obtained via teledentistry to the diagnosis of these conditions obtained by physical clinical examination.The use of mobile phones and the sharing of photographic data on platf orms such as WhatsApp or Instagram is a relatively new phenomenon. However, the field of teledentistry itself is not new.This literature review tracks the development of telemedicine and teledentistry. It also looks into the validity and reliability of diagnosis made using photographs. Lastly, it seeks to demonstrate the demographic and human being resource challenges that highlight the need for teledentistry in Saudi Arabia.2.1 Development of TeledentistryThe development of telemedicine began in the 1960s, when the United States department of defense decided to establish a data base of interconnected networks to provide healthcare to troops stationed in remote locations (Rocca et al., 1999).The US Army conducted the first study of teledentistry at Fort Gordon, tabun in July 1994. In this study a dental image management system was used in conjunction with an Intra-oral camera to capture color images of a patients mouth. These images were thusly communicable over a 9600 baud mod em from the dental clinic in Fort McPherson, Georgia to Fort Gordon, a distance of 120 miles (Rocca et al., 1999).The initial set up for teledentistry, relied on communication via modems and wire based telephonic communication (Eraso et al., 1996).In the 1990s, the internet gained rapid popularity with the public revealing of the World Wide Web, an entity that had nevertheless been a secret US army project. This led to the exploration of newer modes of transmitting data. Reviewing the brisk systems of the time, Eraso et al (1996) looked at the effect of digitalizing and transmitting tomographic radiographs. Tomograms of the temporomandibular joint were digitized in three different formats using a PC-based system.The image resolution for various projections was determined at different camera-film distances. Three series of images were transmitted by telephone, and transmission multiplication were measured. They tack that while no difference in image tonus was found between the in itial digitized and the transmitted images transmitted and transmitted-and-printed images were of significantly lower quality than the passkey radiographs or the digitized images viewed on a computer monitor (Eraso et al., 1996).In the late 1990s, the national electrical manufacturers association had developed a standard rule of thumb for the storage and transmission of images. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a standard for storing and transmitting medical images enabling the integration of medical mental imagery devices such as scanners, servers, workstations, printers, network hardware, and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) from multiple manufacturers.It has been widely adopted by hospitals, and is making inroads into smaller applications like dentists and doctors offices (Bauer and Brown, 2001, Folke, 2001, subgenus Chen and Chen, 2002). Chen and Chen (2002) compared DICOM images to existing videoconferencing techniques for the trans mission of dental information. They found that DICOM images greatly reduced the cost of transmitting information without significantly compromising quality.The early part of the new millenary was characterized by the rapid spread of e-mail and electronic communications. The launch and spread of several free email providers such as Hotmail, Gmail, Yahoo etc. meant that scanned images could be transmitted between persons withoutDental CariesDental Caries is a chronic disease of childhood that has reached epidemic proportions (Garcia-Cortes et al., 2014). The oral health of children is critical for their overall well-being with prompt diagnosis and early management being a key to the success of this approach. Despite significant progress in reducing oral diseases in developed countries over the past three decades, dental caries remains a significant public health problem, particularly amongst disadvantaged people and people living in remote areas (Estai et al., 2017c).Saudi Arabia is a large country with over 700 towns and villages. Despite the growth of dentistry in the Kingdom, there are still very few areas with specialized pediatric dental care. Specialists tend to be concentrated in the major towns and cities (AlShammery, 2016a). This increases the challenge of providing high quality pediatric dental care to every part of the Kingdom. This is a problem, as it is documented that a lack of dental care to the primary teeth will increase the risk of dental problems in the permanent teeth (Li and Wang, 2002).Pediatric dentistry is a complex field with the interaction of many different specialties. Children require not only restorative and endodontic care to the primary teeth but also require consultations from endodontists, prosthodontists and orthodontists on the condition of the tooth and future treatment planning. It is very difficult to locate such multi-disciplinary care even in smaller towns and almost impossible to obtain in remote villages of the Kingdom (AlShammery, 2016a).As a result of this maldistribution in the dental workforce, many rural and remote communities in are left underserved, leading to untreated oral disease (Estai et al., 2017b). Workforce shortages, sparsely populated regions, funding challenges and the decreasing cost of and advances in technology, have resulted in an increased interest in the adoption of telemedicine services (Bradley et al., 2010).The use of role substitution in dentistry is not a new concept. One of the potentially viable solutions to address geographical hurdles and the unavailability of dentists is mobile teledentistry (Estai et al., 2016b). Teledentistry allows local service providers to see advice from specialists without the patient having to leave the local practice (Marino et al., 2016).Teledentistry is a domain of telemedicine that emerges from the combination of information communication technology (ICT) and dentistry.For several decades, telemedicine has played a role in bridging ga ps and overcoming barriers related to distance through expanding care access to unreachable populations (Estai et al., 2016a). Teledentistry is defined as the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical oral health care, patient and professional health related education, public health, and health administration (Marino and Ghanim, 2013).It is one of a number of growing solutions to address limited access to dental care is the utilization of telemedicine technologies in the screening for oral diseases, providing care, evaluation of care and referral (Estai et al., 2016c). There are two telemedicine modalities real-time consultation and store-and-forward. For most dental applications, the store-and-forward method provides excellent results without excessive costs for equipment or connectivity (Daniel and Kumar, 2014). Mobile teledentistry is a subset of telemedicine that incorporates cellular phone technology and store-and-forwar d telemedicine into oral care services.Almost all smartphones have a built-in camera and mobile connectivity and are readily accessible at a low cost. (Estai et al., 2016d). Despite dental photography becoming an integral part of daily dental practice, it has rarely been used as means of diagnosis, consultation, or referral in routine practice. However, evidence on the use of smartphone cameras in epidemiological dental research is rare (Estai et al., 2017b).Given the need for specialist consultation in the remote parts of Saudi Arabia, there is a need for a study to examine the reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in the Kingdom.Since the mixed dentition is the period of maximum dental change for a child, this study focused on the use of mobile phone teledentistry in the mixed dentition.1.2 Aim of the StudyThe aim of the study is to test the reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in diagnosis of dental caries of children in the mixed dentition.1.3 Specific Objective of the StudyThe study had the following specific objective, which is to compare the diagnosis of oral caries in the mixed dentition obtained via teledentistry to the diagnosis of these conditions obtained by physical clinical examination.The use of mobile phones and the sharing of photographic data on platforms such as WhatsApp or Instagram is a relatively new phenomenon. However, the field of teledentistry itself is not new.This literature review tracks the development of telemedicine and teledentistry. It also looks into the validity and reliability of diagnosis made using photographs. Lastly, it seeks to demonstrate the demographic and human resource challenges that highlight the need for teledentistry in Saudi Arabia.2.1 Development of TeledentistryThe development of telemedicine began in the 1960s, when the United States department of defense decided to establish a data base of interconnected networks to provide healthcare to troops stationed in remote locations (Rocca et al., 1999).T he US Army conducted the first study of teledentistry at Fort Gordon, Georgia in July 1994. In this study a dental image management system was used in conjunction with an Intra-oral camera to capture color images of a patients mouth. These images were then transmitted over a 9600 baud modem from the dental clinic in Fort McPherson, Georgia to Fort Gordon, a distance of 120 miles (Rocca et al., 1999).The initial set up for teledentistry, relied on communication via modems and wire based telephonic communication (Eraso et al., 1996).In the 1990s, the internet gained rapid popularity with the public revealing of the World Wide Web, an entity that had hitherto been a secret US army project. This led to the exploration of newer modes of transmitting data. Reviewing the existing systems of the time, Eraso et al (1996) looked at the effect of digitalizing and transmitting tomographic radiographs. Tomograms of the temporomandibular joint were digitized in three different formats using a PC- based system.The image resolution for various projections was determined at different camera-film distances. Three series of images were transmitted by telephone, and transmission times were measured. They found that while no difference in image quality was found between the initial digitized and the transmitted images transmitted and transmitted-and-printed images were of significantly lower quality than the original radiographs or the digitized images viewed on a computer monitor (Eraso et al., 1996).In the late 1990s, the national electrical manufacturers association had developed a standard guideline for the storage and transmission of images. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a standard for storing and transmitting medical images enabling the integration of medical imaging devices such as scanners, servers, workstations, printers, network hardware, and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) from multiple manufacturers.It has been widely adopt ed by hospitals, and is making inroads into smaller applications like dentists and doctors offices (Bauer and Brown, 2001, Folke, 2001, Chen and Chen, 2002). Chen and Chen (2002) compared DICOM images to existing videoconferencing techniques for the transmission of dental information. They found that DICOM images greatly reduced the cost of transmitting information without significantly compromising quality.The early part of the new millennium was characterized by the rapid spread of e-mail and electronic communications. The launch and spread of several free email providers such as Hotmail, Gmail, Yahoo etc. meant that scanned images could be transmitted between persons without

Patient E.O.

1. )What type of reaction is the health c are provider concerned about and why? creation that E. O has never been prescribed penicillin her healthcare provider is concerned that she may be allergic to the antibiotic. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to treat many bacterial infections in the body. People with bronchial asthma and a history of any type of allergy should be monitored very closely when taking penicillin for the first time and should be accustomed the right dose to safely take the antibiotic.An allergic reaction to penicillin can range from a simple rash to a life threatening cast known as anaphylaxis. If allergic to penicillin, E. Os healthcare provider is mainly concerned that she might develop an anaphylactic shock, which may become mortal if the condition is not treated immediately. 2a. ) Explain the role of immunoglobulin E and mast cells in type I hypersensitivity reactions. Type 1 Hypersensitivity is a reaction that involves many separate of the body, for instance, the skin, eyes, nasopharynx, bronchopulmonary tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract.This reaction may cause a range of minor symptoms to fatality. Common manifestations that may possibly occur during Type 1 Hypersensitivity are rhinitis, asthma, atopic eczema, bee-sting reaction, and gastroenteritis. IgE, released from B cells, is an antibody that mediates hypersensitivity and arms mast cells, which exhibit as the principal component cell of this reaction in the body. The exposure of an allergen in an individual causes plasma B cells to produce the antibody IgE which circulates in small amount in the blood.Immunoglobulin E binds to the IgE receptors on mast cells which ultimately produces IgE antigen-binding sites on the surface of the mast cell. After the exposure of the mast cell with crosslinking of IgE-Fc receptors to an antigen, degranulation results and mediators are released causing signs of inflammation (Copstead & Banasik, 2010, pp. 227-228). 2b. ) Why might E. O. react unbecomingly to the antibiotic with the first use? Being that E.O has a past medical history of asthma and allergy to bee stings, she might react adversely to the antibiotic within the first use because she already has a high level of IgE bound to mast cells from former asthma attacks or bee stings. Since it will be her first time taking Penicillin, she has not developed the IgE to the antibiotic, which ultimately may cause her to have an adverse reaction to the drug. Copstead, L. C. & Banasik, J. L. (2010). Pathophysiology, Fourth Edition. St. Louis, Missouri Saunders Elsevier.

Privatized Public Beaches in Lebanon

Privatized public beaches in LebanonOutlineI. IntroductionII. Causes of privatising public beachesA. Political groundsB. Economic groundsIII. Effectss of privatising public beachesA. Addition in monetary valuesB. Private beaches considered publicDecision IVBeachs in Lebanon have been employ through old ages for several grounds. The Lebanese jurisprudence provinces, like any other state in the universe, that entree to the beach should be free and un onlytoned to everyone ( .. ) . This fact did non censor some of the powerful Lebanese people to privatise these public beaches. Over 10 1000000s of metres of lands histori mobilisey classified as Mashaa ( repossessing public belongingss ) , in append to public belongingss which some are State-owned, such as ocean and rivers, were conquered over the last coevalss ( Safadi, 2012 ) claimed the Lebanese curate of finance. This support took topographic point in order to build an model for economic system that would to boot downgrade the co nstruct of public countries and the public good, stressing much more than on unavowed involvements. This emblem of devastation erased landscaped countries, beaches, agricultural lands and to the full eliminated celebrated markets and popular historical edifices. Not merely this, but it besides changed many topographic points that were full of memories, which moldiness be preserved.Privatizing beaches have been turning fabulously fast with clip. New epicurean beach resorts are turning like mushrooms all along the seashore, with all types of locomote pools and fancy Jacuzzis right at the seafront whereas barmans functioning cocktails in the center of bars inside the pools to sounds of loud music. This state of affairs has neer been inexistent, on the contrary present through most of the clip really soundless and in different fortunes.Political intercessions were one of the chief causes of feeding this job. The beach has been privatized from all waies, from north to south. This denationalization does non profit the national exchequer nevertheless, it increases unusually the income of politicians who took over these beaches. A broad figure of these shores in Jounieh, Gieh, Jbeil and many other parts in Lebanon are modify into Luxury resorts barely accessible by a few figure of the population. Even though this denationalization has several negative facets, it is still present in our state since political figures and parties are endorsing this type of work, even more, they are the proprietors of such on a lower floortakings. Despite the bad effect they can hold on the environment, they still opt to up lift their ain benefit on top of any other topic. Their chief intent is to testify the biggest sum of money possible. Other than the political grounds that contribute in enlarging this subject, economical grounds besides play an of import function. The proprietors of these topographic points hide behind touristry while supporting their work, as if taking ov er the populace had become an of import portion in enlarging the tourers activities. They claim that tourers are attracted to epicurean edifices and resorts therefore the topographic points are being build under the rubric of leisure and comfort. They try to do it as epicurean and every bit large as possible and in parallel raise the monetary values. In this instance, merely the rich category benefit. In contrary to what is thought to be done, these topographic points have more to veto than positive on touristry. The monetary values are increasing with the old ages making unaffordable rates that alternatively of pulling tourers forcing them off.Not merely these causes have erased the public beaches in Lebanon, but besides it created several economical effects and beaches that are considered populace could still be private. Thousands of Lebanese delay for summer season so they can break down away the concrete metropolis to pass the twenty-four hours at the beach. However, in Leban on there are now merely a few metres of seashore designated as public beaches. A big subdivision of Lebanese can no longer dunk their pess into the sea along their huge coastline. This fact is due to the improbably high monetary values imposed by the private sector, which even increases from weekdays to weekends. There are really few picks now 250 beach nines are the lone(prenominal) manner the Lebanese can entree the sea. Not merely this, but every twelvemonth, the monetary values of entry rise and every twelvemonth. For allegory, for a Lebanese category to pass a twenty-four hours at the beach today, the cost scope would be from 100 000 L.L. to 200 000 L.L. This is the instance of a five members household merely. This is of class without factoring in the monetary value of H2O, nutrient, and drinks, because most beach nines employ people to seek bags upon entry, so that non even a bag of cut friess enters the nine. Everything has to be bought indoors. Normally in resorts outside the capital, the monetary values are lower since the clients are largely locals but still sometimes unaffordable to many of the population. Harmonizing to the so-called nine proprietors, this addition in monetary value is explained and necessary. It is mentioned that the cost of Diesel, the addition in the rewards and conveyance costs of the employees, the rise in supplying electricity under the current terrible rationing agenda, and the rise in monetary values of stuffs to clean the pools have been factors to set these high monetary values. One specific illustration is about electricity being indispensable, from air conditioning, pool filters, to the kitchen and lighting. With the rise in the monetary value of Diesel, the cost of runing the generator has risen to $ 15,000 a month. In add-on to the cited antecedently, the effects of privatising beaches have lead us back to many old ages earlier. During the war period, while some of the Lebanese people were excessively busy sidesp litting each other, others were clearly caught by something else. Stealing sand from the populace was at that place chief concern. They siphoned off 1000s of dozenss of sand, 10s of 1000s of trucks, possibly more, were sold off. Al-Akhbar estimations that one truckload of sand is be 400USD today. Lets assume it was merely 300 or 200USD back so, thats 1000000s if non one million millions of dollars stolen from the people. It is really likely presents to see a private belongings a public 1. Even while purchasing a land at the sea, it might be uncomplete whereas portion of it is really the sea due to the enlargement of lands. On the other manus, due to the immense sum of sand stolen in the yesteryear, the shore bound back so was manner more advanced in the sea. In this peculiar instance, the sea lawfully begins at the border of that unnaturally reclaimed piece of land. So much sand has disappeared, that the sea moved inland and is technically portion of the land being rented or bought .In decision, privatized beaches are present all around the universe. However, in other states than Lebanon, there is a replacing for the private topographic points. In Lebanon, the private is taking over the public illicitly due to political grounds and economical intents. The effects of the subject are enlarging, monetary values are increasing and private lands are considered private.MentionsMashaa collective, 2013,Reclaiming the parks in Beirut,retrieved from hypertext polish off protocol //www.arteeast.org/2013/10/20/reclaiming-the-seashore-through-art-and-activism/Lahoud C. , 2012,A call to weaponries to assist Lebanons seashore,the day-to-day star, retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Books/2012/Feb-08/162529-a-call-to-arms-to-help-lebanons-coast.ashx axzz32C6fD5wtGino, 2012,Why Some Beach Resorts in Lebanon Are Completely Legal,retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //thelaw.com/2012/07/03/why-some-beach-resorts-in-lebanon-are-comple tely-legal/Beach blockers,2011, retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //now.mmedia.me/lb/en/reportsfeatures/beach_blockersAbouzaki R. , 2012,Lebanons Beachs Sand Castles for the Richretrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //english.al-akhbar.com/node/85131

Neiman Marcus Sales Plan

Neiman Marcus is a premier luxury retailer with characteristic merchandise and superior service. They opened in Dallas, Texas in 1908. Since 1908, Neiman Marcus has opened 40 additional rememberings. In 2010, the current count is 41 retail stores and 28 clearance centers called Last Call Neiman Marcus. As you house hear from the chart, Neiman Marcus sells very diverse items. The largest category is womens app bel, followed by womens shoes, handbags and approachories, mens appargonl and shoes, cosmetics and fragrances, designer and precious jewelry, home furnishings and decor and the smallest category is separate items.Neiman Marcuss Mission Statement Neiman Marcus Stores go away be the premier luxury retailer recognized for merchandise leadership and superior node service. We will say the finest fashion and quality products in an exceptional environment. For the fiscal year 2010, Neiman Marcus had strong gross revenue numbers. The number sales in the earlyly quarter al low ind the months of August, September, and October. The total sales were $ 869 million. The second quarter included the months of November, December, and January.The total sales were $ 1,102 million. The third quarter included the months February, March, and April. The total sales in the third quarter were $ 895 million. These figures include all 41 retail stores and the Neiman Marcus on-line website. According to the latest annual report from the U. S. Census Bureau the total amount of sales for the U. S. retail manufacture was $ 4. 13 trillion. This report comes from the calendar year ending in December 2009. Neiman Marcus has three top competitors.They are Barneys New York, Nordstrom, and Saks Fifth Avenue. Even though in that respect are many other luxury retailers, only the three listed above quite a little compete with Neiman Marcuss customer service and diversity of products. Code of morality The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc. placed a Code of Ethics and Conduct to all its s ales associates. The following are only a few examples of the policies that were placed. Protecting Customer training When it comes to customer information, Neiman Marcus is dedicated to protect their customers confidential information.The federation places the responsibility of protecting customer information to each sales associate that comes in contact with that information. Not only is certain information protected by state and federal laws, it is in like manner protected by the companys proclaim data security policies. gross revenue associates are prohibited from using a clients personal information on personal PDAs or any personal ready reckoner for future reference. Conflicts Of Interest Neiman Marcuss Code of Ethics and Conduct describes situations in which sales associates should rescind.According to the Code of Conduct, associates should avoid any situations that their personal interests could conflict to those of the company. The sales associate should avoid lendin g money to its customers for them to buy from the company nor should he or she use the companys information or a customers confidential information for personal gain. It is also stated that the associates should not accept any gifts. These rules are remove to avoid any unethical transactions between its associates and its customers or other parties.Discipline For Violations Neiman Marcus has disciplinary guidelines for sales associates who authorize, condone, or participate in actions that violate not only the companys policies but the law. This also applies to sales associates who encourage others to retaliate against whistleblowers. Sales associates who withhold information relating to a violation are also at risk of disciplinary action. Sales associates who also submit false reports of violations or suspected violations which are made in bad faith will also receive disciplinary action.Neiman Marcus also prohibits sales associates to share employee discounts. Because the company regards the employee discount as a courtesy and privilege extended to the employee, if discovered, sales associates can have their service revoked or be terminated. Recruiting and Selecting Part of how Neiman Marcus selects its sales force is done its interview process. Part of that process is the use of a personality sagaciousness to screen for in demand(predicate) candidates to fit with Neiman Marcuss ideology.The screening tests are supposed to help an interviewer have objective information that is not subject to biases. According to the Dalrymples Sales Management text Testing was found to be one of the most reliable predictors of entry level job success. Three main tests mentioned are intelligence, personality, and aptitude. The application process is as follows after a candidate completes a job application on a HRIS (Human Resource Information System) they are so transferred to the SHL transcription and complete an assessment test.They are then transferred back to the H RIS system. (SHL is a company that provides workplace talent assessment solutions including ability and personality tests, and psychometric assessments in more than 50 countries and in 30 languages. ) A report is then immediately available which enables the interviewer to hire indemnify then and there. As a event of Neiman Marcus adopting this process they make claims of having a reduction in staff dollar volume by 18%. In locations where the new system is being use, the pay for sales associates have been increased by 15. % and the interview to- hire cycle was reduced from several days to 24 hours.The criteria selected by Neiman Marcus for a sales associate daub is a direct result from the planning process where the company would define the company culture by analyzing the job, analyzing the job description and determining the qualifications they want to drape in a sales force. After receiving that information, the company SHL designed a personality assessment based on key com petencies, attitude, and behaviors that applied to top perform sales associates with good employment tenure records.The assessment is simple and easy to use by store managers for the purpose of minimizing the risk of poor interviewing techniques. 30% of businesses that were surveyed showed that they utilize personality tests in hiring. Many companies consider testing more important than experience or education, while other companies like Universal Studios Theme greens will still interview candidates regardless of test scores just in case there were errors in the assessment. In most cases the results are pen up to what is surmised in the interview. Long held debates question whether or not personality tests can reduce personality to a get dressed of numbers.Examples of popular tests are the The Myers-Briggs type indicators used to match job seekers with jobs based on four qualities of introversion/ extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, judgment/perceiving and for ca reers in positions of authority and trust. Another popular test is the manganese Multiphasic Personality Inventory test, which looks for drug abuse or other pathologies. Questions remain unanswered. Could this sort of testing stigmatize applicants who have not committed any amiss(p) doings and could it result in an injustice to innocent people?A survey showed that 49 percent of companies that used computerized hiring systems saw no changes in turnover rates. The American Psychological Association found little evidence that tests purporting to measure honesty are accurate. The danger that lies in these tests is they are not regulated or certified, and anyone can make up a test and make claims as they wish. Companies like People Answers make claims of streamlining the recruiting process and hiring process for hiring managers offer full behavioral analysis on every candidate.They claim they can uncover hidden attributes that reveal a candidates drive for success and can separate for th the underachievers. While this procedure may save time and the associated costs of hiring staff, questions arise about these computer programs of whether they make allowances for people who come from incompatible cultures and minorities. These programs may be set to be too narrow as to not lay down equal opportunity to deserving candidates. Creativity and innovation cannot be predicted by a computer survey. Also, candidates could gain knowledge on how to beat these tests rendering them useless.While these tests might prove to be a good indicator of the attributes of what a company finds desirable in a candidate, it is being suggested here that there is no substitute for good training and interview skills. Caution is indicated where there could be an over conviction on these procedures and could prove to be a drawback in the long run. Training Since Neiman Marcuss training programs are decentralized, sales associates are trained at the store location where they will work. This instruction is done in a classroom setting that includes web conferences and online essions.This strategy reduces travel expenses and managers can observe the new employees first hand. The decentralized training for sales associates has worked well for them. One of the things Neiman Marcus has been doing right is their training philosophy and techniques. Much of what they have done has been imitated by others. The contemporary theory of customer service was popularized by Neiman Marcus. Neiman Marcus offers a five day training course to new employees, while Nordstrom has a less formal approach with more tenseness on incentives and providing information.New Sales force employees receive training that covers Neiman Marcus history, policies and procedures. They also receive a course called The Art of Selling which teaches new sales associates how to give outstanding service to clients. This training offers custom-designed materials and programs to fit the Neiman Marcus philosophy. Th e material covers product knowledge and how sales process behavior leads to a successful conclusion. Another thing Neiman Marcus does right is their follow up training.They use a variety of methods that include classroom session, video, web conferences, systems training, online resources, lending library, in the job coaching, and in-store/in-facility experiences. Associates receive 200 hours of training their first year and 150 hours of training in subsequent years. This constant training reinforces the Neiman Marcus culture and leads to continual modifyment, break off selling skills, increased product knowledge, and ultimately better customer transaction. Retailers have found that better service often equals higher sales and almost always results in loyal customers.A new motif for sales training is technology based selling skills. This is an area that is changing all the time. Cutting edge technology can give a company a real advantage over the competition when they are early e ntrants. One new technology is customer relationship management hand held devices. In the past, product information that might only be known by a few specialists with years of experience is now at the finger tips of the total floor of sales associates. This is the authority of being trained in using customer relationship management hand held devices.These devices are called Mobile CRMs. The devices have the power to take customer service to a whole new level. Imagine a sales person being able to access customer data at any time. Sales people can up sell, make suggestions, check inventory availability, and even answer customers questions about a specific product without having to run off somewhere to get answers and information. Instead, they can get it on the spot. If a product is not available, they can put the customer on a call list to be notified when a product has become available.This cutting edge technology will free sales associates to make the buying experience as effortl ess as possible. Sales people can make the transactions for the customer without having to go back to the enter antipathetic or point of sale station. Customers can be on their way in just minutes. This type of device helps a sales person improve his/her efficiency by being more competent in carrying out ones duties which will in turn improve customer relations that result in an increase of productivity that leads to more personal satisfaction resulting in reduced turnover.According to the New York Times article, Creating a Better Sales Force, Mr. Lyon of The Container Store states If you give great service, you make people happier. Not only do employees who are better prepared to sell have a greater sense of accomplishment, they contribute ideas that help the company grow, and they become the next generation of management. Account Relationships Neiman Marcus prides itself as the premier luxury retailer dedicated to providing our customers with distinctive merchandise and superio r service.Former President Stanley Marcus believed in the best of the best, both in products and customer relationships. It was his belief that providing superior customer support through consultative transactions would result in customer loyalty. The sales associates should provide a personal shopping experience with each customer. They assist by designed where merchandise is located, what? s in stock, what? s coming in, what will meet a customers needs, and what will not. Associates build trust with customers by answering the customers needs rather than providing the nearest product with a simple solution.For example, if a customer arrived face for a lightly colored back talk gloss, a sales associate would try to determine if the customer was looking for nourishment, a concealer, or an enhancer, because each situation may have a different product as a result. To assist the sales associates, Neiman Marcus partnered with Business Objects in 2002 to redesign a strategic customer r elationship application. The new computer system provided sales associates with product information. They are able to know what is in stock and on the floor at all times. The system was also created to include a computer based clientele tracking system.This system can track all sales for each client. Based on the information from the sale, such as designers, colors, sizes, time of purchase, and frequency, a profile can be built for each customer. It will also allow the sales associates to track life events and special do for each client to add value and build a meaningful personal relationship. This system will also allow department sales managers to access real time reporting on the sales of each associate in their department based on dollar amount, number of sales, and brands sold.Sales associates are also instructed to build a relationship and create loyalty by maintaining familiarity with InCircle, Neiman Marcuss loyalty program. Each associate is expected to introduce new cust omers to the program and provide updates to existing members. To become a member, a customer only needs to open a new Neiman Marcus account. Once opened, they are enrolled and can register their American Express and Diners Club credit cards, the only other cards accepted in stores.Each dollar spent in the store or online will equal one point in the InCircle loyalty program. After the first purchase, members will receive advanced notices of promotions, shows, and invitations to liquid ecstasy events. It is these soft rewards that generate Neiman Marcuss most loyal customers. Sales associates promote the exclusivity of the events to make members feel as though they are included in the most fashionable circles. At the exclusive InCircle events, shoppers mingle with other likeminded members who positively influence their spending.Members are also encouraged to bring a non-member to the events which generate promising new customers. Businesses can also benefit for the quality customer s ervice at Neiman Marcus. Many businesses use the knowledge and reliability of associates to place bulk orders. Often a business relationship can develop over the phone, with products being delivered in person. This service allows minimal interruptions for busy business professionals. This service if often utilized during the holiday season by corporations looking to distribute luxurious gifts to their employees.

Baria Planning Solutions Essay

The company Baria Planning Solutions is a specialty go awayr of spend analysis and management serve to its customers. BPS was an early entrant into the market barely rapid market growth in the past few years has attracted larger software companies to the market. In order to remain competitive against larger companies BPS has expanded beyond the energy orbit to acquire other perseverance-niche providers. erst additional industry vault of heaven firms were acquired BPS was tasked with integrating parts of their operations across sectors to ensure operating efficiency.Each industry firm provided inspection and repairs to address the same general attribute of customer needs but they both differed in technology requirements and service delivery. These differences made it difficult to integrate operations between industry sectors. At the roughly recent year end the company realized a drop in reinvigorated client gross sales and client renewal rates. The sales take hold team had faced challenges meeting the deadlines promised to clients and as a result they could not capture new sales or retain existing clients.Initial opinionSales opportunities varied between quarters and across industries. BPS has not yet effectively designed the sales promote process to meet varying motivation levels throughout the year, therefore causing delays in the process. Variation in demand throughout the year caused the industry groups in the proposition musical accompaniment sub breakdown to have inconsistent productivity levels. Capacity was being inefficiently utilized in the proposal process. As a result the sales oppose division had trouble meeting proposed deadlines. This then resulted in customer dissatisfaction as well as delays in assisting the salespeople. BPS believed an industry centered come near would be adept and provide a competitive advantage but they did not adequately structure their operations to support such a centric process. The sales support process is fragmented and there is no evidence of shared responsibility or employee empowerment. Because the process is fragmented adequate resourcesshould be provided at each map in the process and utilized at an efficient level to meet demand.The acquisitions made by BPS are the precedent reason why the sales team is change integrity by industry sector and the sales leaders believe it is important to maintain an industry specific orientation. The sales team is divided by industry sector while the sales support team only has one of its divisions divided by industry sector. The salespeople have not been adequate to receive sales support assistance in a dately manner. Directors have suggested the sales support team organize into divisions by industry sector to provide to a greater extent digested and dedicated support assistance to the sales division. The sales operations group leader disagreed with the proposal to separate sales support by industry division based on the belief that such a structural change would require hiring additional staff. The director of the sales operations group and the previous director of sales support played an influential role in the implementation of the current hybrid structure of the sales support group. In an effort to streamline the sales support group after the acquisition, all functions within sales support were integrated into teams that could serve all industry sectors acquired except for the proposal support group.The reasoning behind the proposal group separation was to allow BPS to continue offering and industry centered, consultative sales process. The hybrid structure was unique to the market, as most similar companies were organized into geographic divisions. BPS believed they could differentiate themselves from competitors with an industry centered niche. However, the industry specific focus could quite possibly be the reason why the sales support team hasnt been able to meet deadlines and has been missing out on new sales and renewal opportunities. The entrance of competitors in the market has increased customer buying power and their evaluation of alternatives when buying business upshots.Quality assurance of the proposed care for BPS offered was an emerging requirement for customers. BPS adopted a solution selling process to meet customer quality expectations and expected the additional doing would create demand which in turn would increase new sales and renewal rates. Because solution selling was a consultative sales process, a immense amount of additional effort was required in the pre-contractual stage of the sales process to demonstrate value to customers in the proposal. It is important to have the proposal create in date for the customer. Any delay forget discredit the quality and service promised in the initial selling process resulting in lower customer retention rates.Alternatives Assessment*Hire additional resources to handle the large workload place on the proposal su pport staff. Sales support is a service process that requires human capital rather than physical capital. If additional resources are acquired they should be additional staff. Additional capacity should first be added at the bottleneck before it can effectively be added to other divisions. *Integrate all areas of sales support and get rid of the industry centered structure of proposal support. BPS has relied on the unique industry-centric organization of their sales support and salespeople for competitive advantage. node surveys to gauge how much they actually value the industry niche approach could be useful in determining what effect any deviation from industry focus would have on demand for BPS services. *Organize all sales support divisions into industry centered processes.This would likely require a significant amount of time and resources dedicated to reproduction and salary expenses. This would be a mid range solution. For now the focus should be on immediate solutions. *C ontinue or discontinue with the solution selling process. The current trends of consumer choice in the industry, BPS should continue using the solution selling process. In such a service sector, customer satisfaction is vital to stimulate future demand especially if there are other available alternatives. *Cross- teach or hire new employees to meet demand and improve enjoyment. It is relatively inexpensive to cross-train employees ($105,000/52)*3=$6,058 but additional hires might be necessary to meet the demand that cross training cannot. Analyzing utilization rates would help to turn over this decision.Final RecommendationIn the service sector, demand management involves scheduling customers while capacity management involves scheduling the workforce. Often in the service sector managing demand is not feasible, so companies must focus time and resources on managing capacity. The Theory of Constraints provides a useful framework to address the issues faced by BPS. There is obvious ly a bashfulness in the sales support process that must be identified. Exhibit 4in the grounds shows the maximum sales support hourly multiplication spent on each function fall outside of 3 standard deviations from the mean amount of time spent on each function. Once the sales support has been redistributed to the highest demand industry sector each quarter, the process should be able to handle the capacity required to fulfill the requests in a more efficient timely manner. Thus, the seasonal variations in demand can be met and assignable variation can be eliminated. The process time variation is expected to be reduced and more reliable utilization estimates can be determined. The utilization rates shown in Exhibit 7 of the case should be calculated for each quarter to identify how much pressure there is on a division each quarter and how feasible it is for the division to handle their workload without delay during each quarter.By doing so, it becomes apparent that the seasonal va riations in the workload are the reason in proposal delays because the current staffing levels make it impossible to complete such variable demands. The utilization rates by division by quarter are displayed in Appendix 1. Cross training workers and/or hiring additional workers would enhance the capacity to meet the demand. The industry sector proposal divisions are the constraint in the system and can be frigid by offloading the work or increasing the capacity. Adding human resources and distributing them throughout the division will decrease the effect they have on the proposal delays. To improve utilization of resources the following scheduling and staffing requirements are recommended and the subsequent utilization rates are shown in Appendix 2. Hire two part time workers and cross train two full time workers. For a total equivalent of 14 workers on the Proposal support team.In Q1 move 2 full time people from government activity to retail. blank space one part time worker in energy and one part time worker in government. In Q2 no full time workers will change but one part time worker will go to retail and the other will go to energy. In Q3 move 1 full time person from retail to government. Place one part time worker in government and the other in retail. In Q4 move 1 full time person from government and 1 full time person from retail to manufacturing. Place one part time worker in retail and the other in manufacturing. For now, only the proposal support staff will be redistributed. current quality management will indicate the need for additional staffing changes. By redistributing the proposal staff each quarter, utilization becomes more efficient and capacity is moreconsistent with expected demand.Variation due to seasonality should be eliminated. Continuous quality improvement through monitoring the sales support process will provide additional information as to how capacity can be further managed. Process cycle time will provide evidence of the prop osed utilization improvements. Customer service is an important aspect of quality than BPS will need to access often if they want to continue with a solution selling process. The solution selling process is essential to the value proposition and will enable BPS to remain competitive in the spend analysis service sector. economic consumption improvementswill result in improved cycle times by eliminating variation in the process. Minimizing delays will create value to the customer as well as to BPS and improve customer satisfaction which will almost guarantee increased win and renewal rates.

Freemium pricing of Dropbox Essay

1. Describe Dropboxs Freemium determine strategy to get accustomrs and tax. What was this strategy? What did the company hope to accomplish with this strategy? Dropbox is a company providing remote- store over the internet, over calumniate storage advantage as well. The Freemium set Strategy is a popular price strategy which company provide client a basic service without paying a dime and premium services were paid. Dropbox offers 2GB cloud storage space for supernumerary and 1TB for $9.99 per month. The basic service attracts millions of customer to use and like it. On the other hand, the major revenue is scramd by paid customers which weights 60% of total revenue. Moreover, Drew Houston, the CEO and founder of Dropbox, introduced an incentivize mechanism to expand the market. Satisfied users are more than willing to recommend Dropbox to their friends, family and co-worker, in turn, they can get free storage upgrade.In corporate business, Dropbox provide paid Dropbox for Bu siness which featured unlimited storage and administrative control. Corporate contribute 40% of Dropbox revenue for the effectiveness Dropbox provided. The freemium pricing and incentive mechanism accelerate Dropbox customer acquisition. Although 98% customers are unpaid and generate zero revenue, the significant amount of user base is potential wealth of Dropbox. Dropbox was considered as one of the most successful companies to offer Freemium Pricing in cloud storage market. Freemium offers customers an opportunity to try out a new product or service risk-free and cost-free. Meanwhile, Dropbox achieved the objective, two hundred million of user. 1. What were the positive results of this strategy?With Freemium Pricing, Dropbox has 17% market share, and the second market dominator, beside Apple iCloud, which pre-programmed inside consumer hardware such as iPhone, iPad and laptop. Even several internet giants began vying a piece of bright cloud storage market, Dropbox was still poss essing the second big vendor in the market.In short-term, Freemium Pricing speed up Dropbox user grew from 4 million to 200 million in four years and generate $400 million revenue by 2012. As well, in long-term, Dropbox builds brand image and cultivates customer habit. With great potentials, Dropbox is valued at over 4 billion dollars. 2. What were the negative results or failures of this strategy, if any? The competition of cloud storage market is very intense, which makes Dropbox profitability less(prenominal) sustainable. Consumers may turned into other giant vendor such as Google, Apple and Amazon. Freemium Pricing and incentivize mechanism bring some negative influence on Dropbox. Customer prefer to get more storage with recommend to friends and their friend will do the same thing to get free upgrade by doing the same thing. This will increase Dropbox operation cost by purchasing more servers and maintain them. For venture capital investor, great volatility of future revenue m eans high risk. The value of Dropbox may be overestimated. Low user conversion rate, loss of customers and make battalion always want use Dropbox for free will be hidden risk for Dropbox.3. What was the strategy that Dropbox used for corporate/business customers? Describe this strategy and its results. Firstly, Dropbox was applying the Freemium Pricing Strategy to acquire basic users. tally to Drew Houston, his goal was to get individuals to use and like it so much that they, in turn, got their employers to sign up as well. Dropbox was offering a product that people didnt know that needed until they tried. Free trial gives everyone a chance to try and experience the convenience and efficiency Dropbox brings to them. Secondly, Houston built an incentive strategy to race the referral process Users benefit from getting more free storage and Houston get more customers. The referral hierarchy and accelerate the promotion of Dropbox.The quick expand of user occasion more chance that u sers will bring Dropbox to their workplace. After that, Dropbox holding a large share of the consumer cloud storage market. Internet giants stepped into the market, Houston turned his sight on corporate users. Dropbox termed corporate version Dropbox for Business which including unlimited storage space and administrative control. File sharing and co-working are become more efficiently than before. Finally, Dropbox achieved other success in corporate users whom become the secondary revenue stream weighted 40% of total revenue.4. What other strategies can you think of that Dropbox could have chosen, quite ofFreemium Pricing? According to news, Dropbox is turning its direction into Big Data analysis. Diversity in product is necessary for Dropbox to develop a new stream of revenue. Freemium Pricing costs too much time and budget on customer cultivating, in exchange, high uncertainty and risk are fatal disadvantage of Dropbox. Alternatively, Dropbox could use penetration pricing strate gy. They offer the basic service with lowest price and gain enough consumers to gain the market share. The difference between penetration pricing and Freemium is the cost of customer maintaining is low but they may loss more users when the price raised.

Benefit of Telemedicine

Nowadays, telemedicine, which is defined as using of telecommunication technology to provide clinical dispense to individuals at distant sites and the transmission of checkup examination and surgical information and images needed to provide that burster (Mosbys Medical dictionary, 8th edition, 2009), has become a powerful tool in the world to prove better health care due to widespread of modern technology.In developing countries, remote areas reckon to be isolated and lack of qualified doctors or physicians as sound as equipments, thats why telemedicine will be provided a potential benefits to them. This essay will highlight prodigious benefits of telemedicine. The most authorised advantages of telemedicine is allowing long-distant large number to irritate advanced healthcare serve and cost efficiencies.Scottish Centre for Telehealth had claimed that 99 part of patients were more convenience with remote care and 95 percent of them widely felt acceptable with work (Jose, 2009, Internet). It in addition added that it force out provided physicians and long distance patients interact in a clinical reflectation. For example, the indigenous people who live in Ratanakiri 2004 had health problems because they rarely got discussion and often die due to lack of medical facilities and doctors.However, telemedicine nowadays can help them to receive conventional healthcare services and offer the possibility to consult with professional doctors over video link. Also, at the health centre needs nurses to conduct medical checkup by interviewing, examination and taking photographs and then send all these information via solar powered information processing system to physicians at Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope in Phnom Penh or partners in Massachusetts to confirm diagnosis, suggest drugs and treatment procedure to the clinic (Hopebuilding Wiki, 2011, Internet).Furthermore, patients no longer need to travel long distance for healthcare because they not on ly can access these services in their communities but also gain effective treatment with accurate diagnosis of their illness. Therefore, healthcare cost could significantly decrease due to deducing travel expense, accommodation and infirmary services fee (Sharma, 2000. 1529). More notably, over long term period, telemedicine can save billions of dollars for healthcare services (Premiere Telemedicine, 2008, Internet).Secondly, telemedicine provides a great opportunity to modify medical knowledge and go fors. It is designed to help local healthcare practitioners and physicians broaden their knowledge and they can be trained and guided by local and international specialists to practice in the real work. In Cambodia, 2 telemedicine clinic projects in Robib village and Ratanakiri Referral Hospital were cooperated not only with Harvard associated medical doctors and Sihanouk Hospital Centre of Hope but also partner in Massachusetts.If medical staffs or doctors await difficulties whethe r in dealing with health problems or cannot confirm diagnosis of patients illness, they can access through email ground telemedicine program to discuss with expertise or physicians (Heinzelman, 2011, Internet). In addition, Indias telemedicine also provides an opportunity to doctors to build up their education and skill through interaction with expert via satellite based tele-link and linking with Medical Institution with Specialty Hospitals and Research Centres (ISRO, 2005, Internet).As a result, medical staffs can dramatically improve their education and training through the telemedicine process. The last but not least, telemedicine enables home healthcare services. Patients can recently be inspected through mobile phone, Bluetooth wireless sensors and other hi-tech systems to check their health condition, upload and update data to their doctors.Consequently, these devices can be helped patients who are old or have some diseases such as cardiac disorders as well as diabetes to r eceive self routine check-up and especially they need to withdraw clinic only in emergency case or absolutely necessary. For instant, according to Honeywell, an American industrial giant, doctors can monitor and manage health condition of patients who have lung diseases and heart problems by measuring peak lung flow, ECG, type O saturation and blood pressure.Thus, they can analyze the data to find some problems or changing superman of medication (Harben et al, 2008). In conclusion, there are tremendous positive aspects of telemedicine such as enhancing health care services to rural areas or isolated areas, cost efficiencies, improving medical knowledge and practices as well as providing home healthcare. In my personality, I absolutely agree with positive aspects of telemedicine. Even though it needs to spend much money to establish this service initially, it will provide a huge semipermanent benefits to our country.

Air Asia Essay

1.Threat of new EntrantsThe result of barriers to entry depends on the strength of-i)Customer has little brand loyalty. If consumers of Airasia do not postulate brand loyalty, and then the strength of the threat of new entrants is actually high. The high numbers of competitors in the industriousness also mitigate Airasias customer loyalty. some of the operateers prefer low greet. New competitors which indirect request to come in the diligence have to spend little to compete with Airasia.ii)High capital requirement. The industry of gloryline needs large flock of start-up capital. The woo of setting up of offices, buying or leasing aircraft, hiring pilots and other staffs same air stewardess and and so on encounter a high start-up cost. Thus, the threat is low for Airasia.iii)Different product offered. Airasia offers different product comp bed to other competitors in Asia like Bangkok Airways, Tiger Airways, and Air Philippines. another(prenominal) than the passenger sa les ticket, Airasia also include holiday packages which is low-cost just about Asia. Airasia has good connection with hotels and tourism companies around Asia, which it is severe for new competitors to compete.iv)Low hang oning costs. Customers do not need to spend more on transmutation to another respiratory tract. The bell would not be very significant in differences, which it depends on the availability of competitors services and suitability of the course sentence that prompts them to switch.v)Moderate access to distribution channel. Airasia is the first airline company to enable customer book and purchase air tickets online in Malaysia. This makes its website www.airasia.com very famous among frequent travelers. Although new competitors can create a website for their company, it is quite laborious to compete with Airasias website. The website is cognise of its simplicity and user friendly. Thus, new competitors argon difficult to make known their websites to travelers. vi)Strict government regulations. In obtaining license and permit to operatean airline company is quite restricted. This is because in Malaysia, the airline industry is very competitive already and that the government also wants to protect the interest of its national airline, MAS which is operating(a) on loses a a few(prenominal)er years back.2.Rivalry among existing firmsThe strength of this factor depends oni)High numbers of rivals. thither are approximately 59 low fares and no frills airlines compete with Airasia. Among of them are Tiger Airways, JAL Express, JetStar Airways, Air Arabia and etc. Some of the airline does not compete directly with Airasia, but it competes indirectly in routes that Airasia does not fly. Thus, the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the number of competitors, the more fierce the competition.ii)High fixed cost. The airline industry incur high fixed cost which consists of finance cost, hire purchase, and staff costs. The airline companies have to gain mo re market share to check the fixed costs. In doing that, constant price reduction is done by them to compete with others. Thus, the rivalry is strong.iii)Customers slow switch. The nature of airline industry is that customers priority is to look at price and escape schedule that suits them the best when buying air tickets. The main purpose of using the airline services is to scotch to the destination intended. Customers can switch to other airline easily which makes the industry so competitive.iv)High exit cost. It is hard for an airline company to exit the industry. It is because the cost is high in paying the loans, staff retrenchment and flight cancellation refunds. Even making losses, the companies have to get running to cope with fixed costs. This makes the industry very competitive.v)Products are same. As mentioned earlier, the main purpose of using airline services is to reach the destination. Every airline provides sympatheticservices to customers. Though Airasia provi des other added services like hotel qualification, and tour packages, it is subject to the customers choice. An industry with similar products offered is highly competitive.3.Threat of Substitute producti)Easy to switch. There are approximately 59 low cost airlines competing in the industry. The airlines serve over one hundred cities and islands across the sub-continental regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. Although almost of the budget carriers only fly domestic routes within the country of origin, while only a few operates international routes connecting nearby countries, customers leave always look for alternatives.ii)Performance of substitutes. Performance of other airlines are quite similar with Airasias given there is no obvious product differentiation. Performance of airlines normally consists of the accuracy of dribble off time, aircraft performance and staff services. So far, Airasia had constantly reviewed its performance and improve its services .iii)Relative price. The price of substitutes are about the same with Airasias. Some of the airlines offers cheaper price to achieve profitable passenger loads. The price offered depends on the time opening night between the booking date and flight date. The longer the date, the cheaper will be the price. If the tickets are purchased last minutes, the price will be about the same with premium airlines like MAS and Singapore Airlines. Thus, in this situation customers would switch to the premium airlines.4.Bargaining power of buyersi)No significant product differentiation. The only difference Airasias product with others airlines is the holiday packages offered. about of the low cost airlines concentrate on providing flight services only to customers. There is some offers hotel booking at the city that the airline flies to. However, Airasia makes the difference by providing holiday packages like example 3 days and 2 nights to Bali at RM800 per pax includesflight ticket, accommodati on and travel guides. For customers who do not want to follow the travel agencies and enjoys freedom, they will look for Airasias packages, but the customers portion of this pillow slip is small. Thus the bargaining power of buyers is strong as the main thing they look for is to fly to destinations.ii)Low switching costs. Cost of switching to other airlines is low, so bargaining power of buyers is strong. Airasia is not the only airlines operates in Asia. Other than that the price offered by other competitors are not much different. The customer choice is subject to their gismo and flight schedule that fit them best.iii)Portion of buyers expenditure on airline is moderate. This factor depends on portions of income an individual earns. The higher the portion, the more the customer look for cheaper price and thus, the stronger the bargaining power of buyers. Eg when a student without earning any income, will look for the cheapest price available as the portion of his expenditure wi ll be very substantial.iv)Customers have access to market information. The IT world had emerged since 20th century. Many big and success companies in the world uses IT and e-commerce to operate. Without IT, the concern had boundaries and international business will be prohibited. With worldwide web, information can be gathered on one click. Customers access to the current airline market information is easy and available all the time. The airline companies have less room for negotiation. Thus, customers had strong bargaining power.v)Buyers power assiduity in many hands. Most of the airline company customers are individual travelers, only some travel in groups. So the air tickets are purchased individually. The airline companies are not relying on a few groups of customers only. Thus, the bargaining power of buyer is strong.5. Bargaining Power of Suppliersi) Supplier concentration in a few hands. The supplier of airline companies is the fuel supplier, foods supplier, merchandise su pplier and aircraft supplier. There are few suppliers in the market, eg the aircraft supplier, the companies are either Airbus or Boeing. In this case the power of supplier is strong. Other supplier like foods supplier and fuel supplier, the term of the supply must be based on the market condition. The supplier cannot growth too much of its price or risk losing long term business with the aircraft companies.ii)High switching costs. Most of Airasias aircraft are Airbus models. Previously the company used Boeing models, which they lease it and the company had since phased out most of the models and supersede with Airbus. If Airasia is to switch to Boeing again, then the cost will be high, because training cost for employees to suit the aircraft features must be provided. Other than that, the technology used by Airbus is the most advanced, thus Airasia must rely to the Airbus engineers to do nutrition of the aircrafts and seek advices. Thus, bargaining power of suppliers is strong.i ii)Relative lack of importance of buyers to supplier. Airbus is a UK based aviation company. Its customers come from around the world. So far 9,113 aircraft had been ordered, out of which 5,408 aircraft had been delivered by the company. Airasia had ordered 200 aircraft from Airbus and so far only 54 aircraft had been delivered. The percentage of less than 1%, 0.99% proves that Airasia is not Airbuss important buyer. Thus, Airbus had strong power over Airasia.

Leadership Approach Paper Ldr 531

Abstract Leadership is an accession taken to guide a significant humongous group to follow the desired objective of the leader. This paper will explain a leadership approach that has an effect within the organizations today. In addition, explain the strengths and weaknesses of the attribute leadership approach. Leadership Approach Dealing with a competitive and diverse global market in todays society requires a plentiful Leader. An organizations success depends on the strength of its leader. The writer will explain trait approach, nonpareil of the major approaches to studying leadership.Trait Leadership Approach Leadership comes natural to some people, as if they were innate(p) to be leaders. According to Yukl (2010), early leadership theories attributed managerial success to extraordinary abilities such as fatigue energy, penetrating intuition, uncanny foresight, and persuasive powers. This look failed due to futile research. Since then leadership values potently been ident ified and trait approach examines leader values that are relevant for explaining ethical leadership.Strengths and Weakness The chief(prenominal) strength of the trait approach is that it relies only on attributes that can be identified and with proper research dictate a leaders effectiveness. This trait approach examines values of a leader relevant for explaining ethical leadership. The main weakness of the trait approach is to assume that ones attributes simply put their strength in leadership. One may be in possession of the identifiers of a true leader and fail to have the intelligence or character to implement success.The trait approach requires extensive research measuring the correlation coefficient between individual leadership attributes and the criteria of a successful leader. Example of Trait Approach An example of trait approach would be an organization hiring for a specific job position and during the interview choosing attributes that identify this peculiar(a) perso n as a leader. Conclusion To conclude, a successful leader has great astuteness and association in what approach needed to guide a populace in achievement of the leaders objective. hard-hitting leadership requires understanding of influence process and power. A successful leader ethically influences others to achieve the super acid goals of an organization. Throughout the times of history leadership has been defines in many ways with several approached. However, the common denominator of an effective leader is success. References Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations. (7th Ed. ) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Education

Analyse the presentation of Crooks Essay

Analyse the presentation of Crooks in Of Mice and Men. Comment on how this helps to create a pictorial picture of 1930s CaliforniaJohn Steinbecks Of mice and men was written in the 1930s, a period of undischarged depression throughout the world. It was a time when racial discrimination was still widespread in America. It is ground on a ranch in California. In the story Crooks is the solely black person on the ranch. Crooks is disabled, with a crooked back where a horse once kicked him.It describes him as having pain tightened lips because of this. He is to a fault described as being a proud aloof man. He is shown to be an better man through the fact that he owns a dictionary and tries to research what rights he does have by using his mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905. The fact that Steinbeck uses the word mauled infers that it was used a great deal.In the story, Crooks was treated with little respect. He acts uniform he wants no real contact with the exsangui ne workers on the ranch by keeping his distance and demanding that other people kept theirs. I calculate that he really wanted some friends but doesnt show it because no- single will be friends with him. The chief also has no respect for him and takes his anger out on him for no reason when he is mad. He lives in a tack room built onto the side of the barn because he is unwanted in the bunkhouse. This is probably due to the fact that the society of the time believed in racial segregation. He has no friends on the ranch and is totally isolated. He had no rights or a say on what goes on on the ranch or in America for that matter. There were thousands like him all over America that were stuck in the same situation.They were not treated well for what seems to me a trivial reason. The book was very controversial at the time as Steinbeck portrays Crooks as being the same inside as any other man. This is a view that challenged all of the other contemporary views at the time. A lot of pe ople were outraged at this as they thought of Crooks and other black people as somehow inferior to them. The fact that we only meet Crooks at all is an accident. I entail he hated his life there on the ranch, but had no way to get out of it. In the first part of the book (chapters 1-3) we attend out the views of Crooks from the other characters there. The racism towards him may have been innocent as the racism in the outlandish because was inherent (passed down through the generations).We at a time move on to chapter 4, where we find out roughly Crooks and his own opinions through an accidental encounter with Lennie. It all starts when Lennie is in the barn with his pup and everyone else has gone into town. He sees the light from Crooks little hut which is built into the barn. He stumbles in and Crooks acts like Lennie is unwanted Crooks scowled but Lennies disarming smile defeated him. I think that he actually thought closely it and clear that he could do with some company .Steinbeck uses Lennies character to accidentally stumble upon him because Lennie does not understand the policy-making views of the world at that time, so he walks right in and talks to him the right way, treating him with respect, as he would anyone else. Crooks hence settles down a bit and pours out what seems to be his entire life story to Lennie, now he finally has someone to talk to. He tells him nearly his life before working on the ranch. He speaks of the fact he was happy before, and says that his father had a chicken ranch. Maybe this meant he would pick to be back there, missing his relatives who he knows would treat him as an equal. He also talks about that he used to play with the local white kids and that his ol man did not like that.He then proceeds to say I never knew why till long later why he didnt do that. But I know now. During the conversation, Crooks asks Lennie what he would do if George (who he relies on completely) never came back. It seems like Crooks i s getting excited over having an advantage over a white person, Crooks face light up with pleasure at his torture but later on you think about it and realise what Crooks was act to do. He was showing Lennie what it would be like to be him, to have no-one and be completely alone. He then explains this to Lennie a guy needs somebody to be near himA guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Through this we realise how truly lonely he really is.Lennie starts talking about his and Georges dream of getting their own ranch somewhere. glaze over then appears at the doorway and Crooks lets him in. Candy confirms all that Lennie says and they share their dream with him. Crooks then realises that they might succeed in getting a ranch. He then says If youguys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why Id come and lend a hand. He suddenly realises what this could mean for him. He sees this as an opportunity to track down from his life on the ranch and make a new life for himselfHe is still belongings onto that dream when suddenly Curleys married woman appears in the doorway. She makes all three men feel uncomfortable. She comments that everyone else had left-hand(a) the weak ones here. This is ironic really because what she doesnt realise is that she too is classed as a weak one for being female (women were still unable to vote then and males were the dominant gender). Crooks is then taken in by the dream to the extent that he forgot his place.For a moment he seems as brave as any man. He stood up to Curleys wife and demands her to leave You aint got no rights comin in a coloured mans roomNow you just get out. Curleys wife then threatens him You keep your place Nigger. I could get you strung up on a direct so easy it wouldnt even be funny. The reality then hits him. His dreams shattered. He then remembers his place, at the bottom of society. Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego nothing to arouse either like or dislike. Being threatened like this pushes him back down to earth, and he realises that she is right. She could easily get him lynched if she wanted to.I think that overall Steinbeck succeeds in creating a roughly realistic picture of the general attitudes towards racism in the 1930s. He creates a convincing character in Crooks that makes you think of the ethics behind racism overall. Why does it happen? Why are people diametric on the outside any different on the inside? I think that Steinbecks intentions were to present these and other questions to the reader and make them think about the reasoning behind traditional racist attitudes.