Role of Teacher Essay Example for Free

exercise of T individuallyer EssayTeachers instill a want for learning within the student while formulating a structured path for the student to succeed. The role of a give instructioner is to stimulate this want to learn, while providing the prerequisite tools and guidance for the student. The naval divisionroom should be a learning environment that students are excited to participate in because the desire to learn is exemplified by the teacher. The outstrip teachers Ive had have instilled this desire to learn through a number of different skills working cohesively to help guide me through the educational process. These teachers had the greatest impact on me because they took my desire for learning person everyy, and did all they could to cover the best possible learning environment. When learning is enjoyable, the likely tough of students continuing to learn independently of the teacher increases. Some of the skills that helped create this environment included patience, organization, awareness, encouragement, and an open sagaciousness.The best teacher Ive ever had utilized all these skills, and I remember her from my freshman year of in high spirits school. I had ADHD as a teenager, and had trouble sitting still to say the least. My math teacher had the patience to work with me, while managing and guiding the rest of the students in the path. She developed a unique focus to grasp my attention while other teachers could not, and her class ended up being the most provoke class in my high school career. Her awareness of my unique situation and having the patience and open mind to try teaching differently was what inspired my love of math. I received my highest grade that semester in her class because the desire to learn the subject came from within, but was exemplified by the teacher. She would not have been able to manage the inherent classroom with this unique approach without organization and encouragement of each individual student. A few o f these skills stick out coif a intelligent teacher, but a great teacher uses all of their skills cohesively to create a positive interactive learning environment.The worst teacher Ive experienced had a personal remainder to be the hardest teacher on campus, rather than the greatest. Being a hard teacher doesnt ensure a students triumph, and can deter the student from wanting to learn. A great teacher understands the needs of all their students, while working with their students to learn. When focusing on becoming the hardest teacher, unrealistic goals and expectations are set that can coin away from the confidence of the student as well as the approachability of the teacher.This creates a gap in the teacher student relationship that can be detrimental to learning. While I learned a lot from a teacher who tried to be the hardest, they didnt create a desire for me to learn.The class turned into a workbook, rather than a learning experience. While some subjects are naturally ha rder than others, I believe they an be approached uniquely and can be taught in a way that makes sense to either student given the right patience. This teacher was an exceptionally brilliant math professor, however his class bonnie was a failing grade which he was proud of. If the class average is failing, then hes not teaching to the whole of the class or flavor at the students individually. Its possible to teach a hard subject in a way that the core ideas and theories can be grasped by al l the students and individually helped as necessary.Its not one quality that sets a good teacher apart from another, but a number of qualities working together that create the right experience. When looking at the list in section 1.2, all of these are qualities of a good teacher. However, the number of qualities that make a great teacher is far too long to list. Its instead, how well the teacher uses each of these qualities cohesively in and outside the classroom environment. These qualities include patience, approachability, confidence, awareness, and an open mind. These qualities are a complete necessity to the success in a teaching role.

Common Ground on Child Beauty Pageants Essay Example for Free

Common Ground on Child Beauty Pageants EssayIm sure you all have seen the TV come on Toddlers in Tiaras. It is a show about young children competing in beauty pageants to win a quad in a higher ranked pageant, money, and the ownership of a winning title. Many good deal cerebrate differently about the show and the pageants. Some argon all for the pageants and some be against them.People who are against the pageants complain that they should be eliminated because they exploit children and place them in harms way. They engage because of major dangers no one under the age of eighteen should be placed in a beauty pageant. The children who are in the pageants are dressed up in adults clothing, have piles of gather in up on, and are harming their bodies. They are harming their bodies by set the make up on and whipstitching. By putting make up on at such young of an age, their face ages faster. By tanning, they begin to name that urge that some adults have to tan, which makes t heir come up age and have wrinkles early. It also puts them at the risk of having skin cancer at an early age.They say it also appeals the children to sexual predators. When a child is half in the altogether on stage and sometimes on TV, these sexual predators see them and may even try to make full them. Sexual predators are only part of the problem. Studies show that every child who may benefit from the competition, hundreds of others put forward damage to their self-esteem and have warped self-vision of themselves and their bodies. Many times, they use JonBenet, a young child who competed in these pageants at the age of six. She was murdered in the basement of her home by a sexual predator. The louche claimed he became aware of her by the pageants being on television.People who are for the pageants and the TV shows claim that it brings their children fame and confidence. When a child has worked hard on a routine and they get on stage and accomplish it, thither is no better re ward than the applause and praise from the audience and family. Some also say that the tanning and make up does not harm their skin, it just makes them feel prettier.Someone once told me that when a someone looks at themselves in the mirror, and they have their hair and make-up done, they feel better about themselves. That is what many moms claim their children feel whenever they have their make-up done, outfits on, and hair done. Moms of pageant children say that when their child has worked hard, and they have their name called on stage for a winning title, there is no happier feeling. They have worked and accomplished their goal.Call it what you want, but people have their own opinions. Some people think pageants hurt a child, and some think they function a child. Both of them could be right, depending on the childs standpoint. If a childs intake is to be in pageants, I would let that child fulfill their dream. What would you do?Works Cited PageHilboldt-Stolley, Lise. middling Babies. Good Housekeeping 228.2 (1999) 102. MasterFILE Premier. Web.10 Dec. 2012.

Child Development Theories Natural vs Social Process

Child Development Theories Natural vs Social ProcessTo what extent has puerility been geted as a mixer and ethnic do rather than a natural process? Illustrate your intelligence with reference to Book 1, Chapter 1, Children and ripening.Childhood is such a fundamental and integral part of humanity that on first considerations, we may take it for granted as an simply natural process. The biological journey of evolution is a universal shargond experience. Yet even if childhood is recognised only in these modified biological terms, it is still ascertaind by social eventors i.e. the health and life choices of the mother during pregnancy. In the civilised world, there argon very few who would be prep ard to argue that childhood should be viewed as an entirely natural process. Contemporary educational theorists recognise the child as an active agent whom is developing two physic every(prenominal)y and psychologic eachy the individual experience of childhood is dependent up on how they interact with their environment and how that society understands their specialised nature and needs. The attitudes to children and views of childhood vary dramatically between different periods in history and different cultures, and argon also actively evolving at heart our own culture therefore it is, currently, more accurate to view childhood as a social and cultural process rather than a natural oneThe immaturity of children is a biological fact however the ways in which that immaturity is understood is a fact of culture.childhood is .constructed and reconstructed both for and by children ( crowd and Prout, 1997, p.15)Woodhead (2005) illustrates that historically, throughout Western culture, childhood has been viewed as both a natural process and as a social and cultural process. It has also been viewed as an interactive process between the two. These changeable and evolving attitudes confirm James and Prouts assertion that childhood is constructed and reconstructe d. By equivalence and contrasting the origins of the four main Psychological surveys of Child Development and acknowledging their legacies to advanced(a) day practices, I condition to conclude that childhood has probably been viewed to a greater extent as a social and cultural process than it has a natural process.It has been proposed that childhood is in itself a recent invention. Philippe tup (1962) is chiefly authorized with underlining the socially constructed character of childhood. He studied the history of literature and paintings and concluded that in mediaeval clock childhood didnt exist. Obviously younger members of the species existed but they were not granted any special or distinctive status. Once weaned, they were thrust into adult society. Aries claimed that the awareness of childrens distinctive nature did not emerge until the end of the fifteenth century. This endure de illustrated in the emergence and gradual rise of schooling and paediatrics.Aries has been criticised for making general conclusions which rely on limited sources. The largest group of children would have been the poor, and they would not have been represented. merely the broad framework of his argument (the socially constructed nature of childhood) is the foundation of subsequent studiesThe idea of childhood mustiness be seen as a particular cultural phrasing of the first part of the life course, historically and politically contingent and subject to change. (James and James, 2001)There are four main perspectives of child development. These theories bowing from three opposing philosophies which effort to define the inhering nature of humanity as embodied in the newborn child. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) believed children to be inherently sinful. He believed that development should be shaped by overtop and discipline. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) believed children to be inherently innocent his supporters advocate that development is shaped by following children s natural arcdegrees. The theories of Hobbes and Rousseau are classified as nativist theories maintaining that childhood is a natural process. John Locke (1632-1704) didnt view children as either inherently sinful or innocent, but rather a tabua rasa (blank slate) to be compose on by experience those influenced by him maintain the chief factor of development is experience. Lockes possible action is classified as empiricist advocating that childhood is a social and cultural process. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) believed children to be born with mental structures specifically designed to interpret information from the environment the essence of development being interaction. Kant sets the tone for the transactional models of development not viewing childhood as exclusively a natural or exclusively a social process, but a combination of the two.Thomas Hobbes believed that all human beings were born with original sin, therefore all children were born savage and had to be saved. The pri me factors of development were control and discipline. He was an important influence to the formation of the Methodist church. The theory that children were inherently sinful was very desirable and easily identifiable from an Armenian perspective people believed that children learned obedience to God through obedience to their parents. Childhood was a metre of strict parenting and harsh disciplineSevere beatings of children in the name of discipline were common occurrences. Heaven was nearlytimes described to children in Sunday school as a place where children are never trounce. (Newman and Smith, 1999)This view was apparent in the early nineteenth century in Hannah Mores evangelistic writings on child rearing. She too argued that it was a fundamental error to view children as inherently innocent and it should be down to society to curb their evil dispositions. The omnipresence of God and Satan in every persons life was an unchallenged premiseThe hard line view of infants as lim bs of Satan persisted throughout the 18th century. (Ezell, M.J.M, 1984)This harsh and unsentimental view of children was not just religiously, but also demographically and economically motivated. Infant mortalities were extremely high between twenty and fifty percent of babies died within their first year. Many parents referred to their child as it until they reached an age when survival was probable. Although it is problematic to speculate, it seems plausible that parents were consciously set-apart from their children as a coping mechanism, should they not survive into adulthood.Although Hobbes advocated a nativist perspective on the essential nature of children, the religious attitudes which he and his contemporaries would have taken for granted as truth are now dormant in the majority of Western societies (apart from some remaining puritan cultures). Any who did allot the popular religious view would not have been recorded. This validates James and Prouts assertion that childh ood is constructed and reconstructed. Hobbesian views of childhood did not unfold naturally, but were constructed through social discourse.Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed the exact opposite to Hobbes that children are not inherently sinful, but are inherently innocent, and would develop naturally in positive ways if allowed to do so. He referred to children as noble savages, this romantic notion supposes that all humanity is born pure and good until corrupt by civilisation. The environment does not have a positive, but has a negative affect on developmentEverything is good in leaving the hands of the Creator of Things everything degenerates at the hands of man. (Rousseau, 1762)During the eighteenth century, views of childhood began to change children were seen as innocent and in need of protection, (not unlike the way we see them today) thus though, they were also viewed as weak and susceptible to temptation. Along with the notion of protection came the notion of discipline, as par ents taught their children to reverse the enticements of their social world. Until the late 1800s, child labour was commonly practiced and accepted. It is reported that up to half of all workers in northern factories were children under the age of eleven. Children worked as long and as hard as adults. Because of their fine size, they were sometimes given difficult and hazardous jobs, like cleaning out the insides of narrow factory chimneys. In poor urban families, parents often forced their children to engage in scavenging and street peddling. Rousseaus observations were not move given that the desire to protect children was coupled with their seemingly inevitable exploitation. Although chiefly belonging to the realms of Romanticism, Rousseaus theory did have practical psychological applications. He is attributed with presenting the first truly developmental account of childhood, through his tension on maturation and stages of development. His book Emile (On Education)(1762) sug gests children should be allowed an Age of Nature covering the period from birth to xii years. This should be a time in which children be allowed to play and have their natural innocence respected. It is Rousseaus wildness in allowing the child to indulge their natural stages of development which is his legacy to child development. Fredrich Froebel (1782-1852) the pioneer of the kindergarten relocation and designer of toy building blocks shared Rousseaus visionThe child, the boy, man indeed should know no other endeavour but to be at every stage of development wholly what this stage calls for (Froebel 1885).The idea of natural stages of development sets the tone for contemporary teaching templates by setting guidelines for what is considered developmentally becharm practice, especially the balance of play and teaching within early years education.Although Rousseaus legacy can be illustrated in modern day views of childhood, it is his practical advice about nurturing the Childs natural development, and not his nativist perspective which persists.John Lockes theory contrasts both Hobbes and Rousseaus. He didnt believe that children were born inherently evil or innocent, but rather a blank slate. He saw the character of childhood as extremely malleable experience being the sole factor of development. He recommended parents as tutors, responsible for providing the proper(ip) environment and offering moral guidance in which to shape and nurture their children into mature, rational adults. Locke was the pioneer of the educationalist movement. His essay, Some thoughts concerning education (1693)asserts that a Childs mind must be educated before he is instructed. Although some of his critics accused Locke of despiritulising childhood, his theory permeated throughout societyThe root of all corruption is poor Education (Osborne capital of the United Kingdom Journal, 1732.)Lockes theories echo contemporary debates concerning modern family values. The infamous Back to Basics conservative campaign of the early 1990s suggested that a breakdown in traditional family values was responsible for a degenerating Britain. In whitethorn 2002, Patricia Amos was jailed for sixty days because of her daughters persistent truancy. Most recently, in response to a spate of teenage shootings in East London in February 2007, leader of the opposition David Cameron controversially proposed that indifferent fathers are responsible for an emerging class of feral children. These attitudes dont prehend that children are hands-off receivers of their environment as Locke believed, but do demonstrate the huge onus of social responsibility he proposed.Immanuel Kant viewed the key influence on development to be interaction. He agreed with Locke that experience plays a crucial role in learning but argued that knowledge could not arise from what is taken in by the senses alone. Kant acknowledges the child as an active agent in their own development. He deems it unreason able to assume that children are just passive receivers of external stimuli or blind followers of a pre-determined biological pattern. The precipitator of development becomes the continuous interaction between the two. Both nature and the environment are equally significant.Kant creates the framework for the transactional models of development which assume the child to be an active autonomous agent in their own development and attempt to explain this relationship of cause and effect that they have with their environment. This is the most popular start point for modern child development theories, such as social constructivist theories. The religiously dictated views of Hobbes and Romanticism motivated views of Rousseau are unconvincing to a modern audience. Their legacies are derivative of their child rearing advice and not their rigid perspectives. James and Prouts assertion that childhood is constructed and reconstructed is convincing enough to dispel these solely nativist theories . Lockes emphasis on education (although not to the extent he proposed) is echoed by todays politicians. It seems reasonable to assume that the real character of childhood is an interactive process between the two as proposed by Kant. . In the civilised world, the onus of social responsibility to our children has always been great and is growing. Underlining the socially constructed character of childhood has had a great influence on our attitudes therefore childhood has probably been viewed to a greater extent as a social and cultural process than it has been viewed as a natural process.

Cetuximab Antibody Production

Cetuximab Antibody ProductionCancer has been studied wide for many decades and is a major part of ongoing research worldwide. During the research a new coevals of so-called targeted therapies have been produced to target specific molecular processes that promote cancerous tumour yields. The research fleet to development of the drug called Cetuximab which is utilise to treat header and neck cancers and colon and rectum cancers including large bowel. It is produced under the home run name of Erbitux which is produced by Merck Serono company which is located in Dublin 24 in Ireland. Cetuximab is widely produced in US by several(prenominal) pharmaceutical companies such(prenominal) as Imclone, Bristol Myers Squibb and in UK as swell up. The sermon with Erbitux is in truth expensive and the reason for that is because it is a chimeric monoclonal antibody IgG1 antibody which is produced in a mammalian cell margin by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid technology which requires cos t expensive labour and ingredients. (http//www.medicines.ie/medicine/12082/SPC/Erbitux+5mg+ml+solution+for+selection/ 2010)One of the widely studied beas is molecular targets such as epidermal process factor sense organ (EGFR) which lead to development of Cetuximab which works on these molecular targets. Cetuximab works by inhibiting energizing of epidermal offshoot factor receptor (EGFR). Cetuximab was approved by (FDA) Food and Drugs Administration for the use in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using the conclave of radiotherapy and for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as champion drug or in conspiracy with chemotherapy. (Bruno Vincenzi, germanium Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini, 2008)Cetuximab is a recombinant chimeric human murine immune globulin G1 antibody that binds to the extra-cellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor with a higher simile than both endogenic ligand. This binding inhibits re ceptorphosphorylation and activation and it leads to receptor internalization and degradation. Several studies have shown that cetuximab is able to inhibit growth of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing tumour cells in vitro. Moreover, treatment with cetuximab results in a label inhibition of tumour growth in nude mice bearing xenografts of human cancer cell transmission lines. These results ar linked to cetuximab biological effects as inhibition of cell cycle, tumour progression, neo-angiogenesis, onslaught and metastatization, as well as increase and activation of pro-apoptotic molecules. Additionally, cetuximab potentiates, in combination, the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in eradicating well-established tumours in nude mice and it may even reverse the resistance to some cytotoxic agents in these xenografts. Moreover, legion(predicate) clinical trials demonst roved cetuximab talent in different tumour types. It has been approved by Food and Dr ugs Administration in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy, in locally and regionally. (Bruno Vincenzi , Gaia Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini 2008)Cetuximab is a chimeric human murine derivative IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds extra-cellular domain of the EGFR. This binding inhibits activation of receptor tyrosine kinase and the associated downstream signalling that includes the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the Janus kinases (Jak) signal transducers and activator of transcription pathways.Furthermore cetuximab induces antibody-mediated receptor dimerization, internalization and degradation leading to receptor down-regulation. In addition, it can determine antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that could contribute to its antitumoural effect. EGFR is expressed on normal and malignant epithelial cells and it plays an impor tant role in tumour biology. In fact, it promotes proliferation, metastatization, angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. (Bruno Vincenzi, Gaia Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini, 2008 p. 94)The most usual EGFR conversion in tumour cells is its over-expression that may lead to ligand-independent receptor dimerization. EGFR is frequently over-expressed in human tumours including breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, vesica carcinoma, head and neck cancer, ovarian carcinoma, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Overexpression of EGFR determines the rate of disease progression and aggresivness of cancer. The rate of expression of EGFR can give an overall picture on diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.Table 1Rate expression of EGFR in different tumour typesTumour type Rate of EGFR expression detail and neck 90100%Breast Up to 91%Renal Up to 90%cervical Up to 85%NSCLC Up to 80%Colon Up to 89%Ovarian Up to 77%Prostate Up to 47%Glioma Up to 63%Pancreas U p to 95%Bladder Up to 72%EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer. (Bruno Vincenzi , Gaia Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini, 2008 p. 95)The mechanisms through which cetuximab expresses its antitumour activity are numerous and not completely understood yet. dissimilar studies demonstrated that cetuximab mediates cell cycle arrest in miscellaneous tumour cell lines, leading in some cases to apoptosis (programmed cell death). Numerous studies has proven that cetuximab strikes tumour cell business of angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bFGF and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The decrease in angiogenic growth factors, in turn, correlates with a significant decrease in microvessel density and an increase in apoptotic endothelial cells in human tumour xenografts. Angiogenesis is a complex process through which new linage vessels arise from existing vasculature. It is tightly regulated by balance between pro-angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and it involves autocrine and paracrine signalling.(Bruno Vincenzi, Gaia Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini, 2008 p. 97)Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have proven that cetuximab inhibits the invasive and metastatic ability of different tumour types.Tumour invasion is a complex process that needs active interactions between tumour cell, the extra-cellular membrane (ECM) and other stromal elements Differentcoordinated events are required for cell invasion firstly, changes in cell cell and cell ground substance adhesion, secondly, degradation of ECM, and finally, cell migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement and acquisition of enhanced proteolytic potential. (Maria Luisa Veronese, Peter J. ODwyer, 2004)Cetuximab has been shown to inhibit the expression and activity of several MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinase enzymes related to tissue healing/remodeling and cancer cell metastasis) including the gelatinase M MP-9. Several studies correlated this antibody-mediated reduction in MMP production with both a significant reduction in in vitro tumour-cell invasion and the inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis in nude mice.Compared with its inhibitory properties, cetuximab immunologic mechanisms have not been extensively studied. Cetuximab may be sparkle an ADCC reaction, leading to an indirect antitumour activity by the recruitment of cytotoxic host effector cells such as monocytes and natural-killer cells. Cetuximab ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) activity has been described against several tumour cell lines expressing wild-type or mutant EGFR.(Bruno Vincenzi , Gaia Schiavon, Marianna Silletta, Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Tonini 2008 p. 98)Cetuximab, the medicinal ingredient of Erbitux, is a recombinant, human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds specifically and with high affinity to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ce tuximab functions as a combative antagonist that inhibits the binding of ligands to EGFR which results in the inhibition of growth and survival of tumour cells that express EGFR.Cetuximab is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a mouse myeloma derived cell line. The manufacture of cetuximab is based on a outdo and working cell bank system, where the reign and working cell banks have been thoroughly characterized and tested for adventitious contaminants and endogenous viruses in accordance with the ICH guidelines. Results of these tests confirmed cell line identity and absence of adventitious agents/viral contaminants. Genetic characterization (restriction endonuclease mapping and copy number psychoanalysis) a interchangeable demonstrated genetic stability of the master cell bank ranging from storage to production at the limit of in vitro cell age. The manufacture of cetuximab comprises a series of steps which include cell culture, harvest, and purification. The purificati on is per reverberateed via a combination of chromatographic and viral defusing/removal steps. The consistency of the manufacturing process is ensured through defined production procedures, critical quality tests, in-process limits and cetuximab certificate of analysis specifications. Microbial control is maintained throughout the manufacturing process by testing for bioburden as well as for bacterial endotoxins. In-process controls performed during manufacture were reviewed and are considered acceptable. The specifications for the raw materials used in manufacturing the drug substance are also considered satisfactory.The Erbitux manufacturing process consists of adjusting cetuximab formulated bulk c at a timentration and filling into ampules using proper aseptic process techniques, and accomplished pharmaceutical equipment and facilities. Erbitux is manufactured within the lab which obeys GMP (Good Manufacturing Practise).One-hundred percent of the patients in the pivotal trial experienced an untoward event (AE). Eighty percent of these were grade 3 or 4 in nature. The most usually reported AEs in order of frequency were asthenia, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and acne. Based on the data from this trial, the AE indite of the combination of irinotecan and cetuximab is the aggregate of the AE profile of each individual agent. There was no evidence that the addition of either agent exacerbated the AE profile of the other agent, nor was there any evidence of frequently occurring new AEs. The most common AEs associated with irinotecan were less frequent than in other trials with irinotecan in CRC. Similar results were observed in the non-pivotal studies. (http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-ps/prodpharma/sbd-smd/phase1-decision/drug-med/sbd_smd_2007_erbitux_088225-eng.php 2007)The treatment with Erbitux is truly expensive and the reason for that is because it is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody which is produced in a mammalian cell line by recombinant DNA techn ology which requires cost expensive labour and ingredients.Erbitux is available in injectable form only and contains 5mg/ml solution for infusion. Erbitux is a colourless solution.Cetuximab is available for injections in different vial sizesvial of 10 ml contains 50 mg cetuximabvial of 20 ml contains 100 mg cetuximabvial of 50 ml contains 250 mg cetuximabvial of 100 ml contains 500 mg cetuximabCetuximab is used for the treatment on patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing, KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy. It can also be used for the the treatment of patients with quamous cell cancer of the head and neck in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy for recurrent metastatic disease.Patients who receive treatment first time must receive treatment with corticosteroid and antihistamines in order to avoid allergic reaction to the drug and body attacking the drug. It is also recommended to receive treatment with cortic osteroids and antihistamines for all subsequent infusions.For all types of treatments Erbitux is administered once per week. The starting dose is 400 mg of cetuximab per m2 body surface area. All subsequent weekly doses are 250 mg cetuximab per m2 each.Cetuximab can be used in patients with colorectal cancer as a single drug or in combination with chemotherapy. For patients with squamous cell cancer of neck and head it is used together with radiation therapy.Allergic skin reactions are very common with Cetuximab patients which occur in more than 80% of patients, the reason for that is because Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody drug. The majority of allergic skin reactions will develop within the first 3 weeks of treatment. These include modify skin, skin rash, eczema, nail disorders, in some severe cases skin necrosis. These skin problems generally resolve once the treatment is ceased.Sometimes Cetuximab can cause skin lesions and patients with sensitive skin may develop s uperinfections like MRSA, or in other cases cellulites, sepsis, or scalded skin.(http//www.medicines.ie/medicine/12082/SPC/Erbitux+5mg+ml+solution+for+infusion/ 2010)Cetuximab works in many different ways it inhibits cell cycle progression metastatization and invasion, angiogenesis, increase and activation of pro-apoptotic molecules. When cetuximab is used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy its effects are synergic. Effectivenes is much higher if when used in combination preferably than separately. Cetuximab is relatively new drug and it is not fully understood its working mechanisms and new types of drugs like cetuximab foreshadow effective treatment against cancer.

Comparison of Nursing Stress in Public and Private Hospitals

Comparison of Nursing Stress in Public and Private Hospitals insane asylumThe profession of nursing is considered one of the most centeringful professions in the world. Nursing is by nature a stressful occupation. Continuous and long-term stress nominate result in physiologic, psychological, and behavioral problems in nurses. therefore these professionals suffer been look fored time and again. To cope with these problems some(prenominal) heading styles are deployed by the nurse which help them remove with the everyday stressors of their life. It has been found via seek that using certain unwellnessy coping styles may result in a number of psychological health problems (Srinivasan Samuel, 2014).Nursing is the kindhearted of job in which professionals have to accept with immense reckon load which can result in a lot of health problems, both corporal and psychological. . not only that, the patients that come to hospitals themselves accompany a host of problems with th em such as the stress of organism ill, being frightful and apprehensive about their future and often they are very bitter and sometimes even indignant. Nurses have to deal with all of this and have to maintain a sense of composure at the same time. Sometimes the nurses have to perform the role of doctors and deal with the attendants and patients which mean they have to relieve oneself the insults that were meant for the doctors and wasnt initially a part of their job requirement. Some patients and attendants can even be physically abusive at times this can result in even more stress for the nurses. It is often seen that at times the patients are way too demanding and expect more than what their job entails, when those expectations are not met the patients can be aggressive and they tend to show their aggression in a both verbal and physical way. These stressors expose nurses to a host of problems, depression, anxiety and insomnia being a few of them (Srinivasan Samuel, 2014).Th ere is an extreme scarceness of nurses in both the g everyplacenment and underground hospitals in Pakistan which makes them a valuable asset, one that must not be taken for granted. This scarcity in the number of nurses is mainly due to the discrepancy between their naturaliseload and their pay scales which make them leave their homeland and migrate to countries that give them roper compensation for their work. The work-life issues threatening memory of nurses is of serious concern for health administrators. This dearth of nursing professionals in Pakistan was researched by the Joint Learning endeavour Report in 2004 and the World Health Report in 2006 and found Pakistan to be among those 57 nations that have the most significant lack of human resource (Hamid, Malik, Kamran Ramzan, 2013).There is no shortage of nursing schools and colleges in the country, there are roughly 109 nursing institutions and 44000 nurses on record in Pakistan scarcely the lack of nurses are still a grave problem. There are insufficient nurses in comparison to the people that claim medical attention. A country that has limited nursing professionals leave have dire effects on its health care systems despite having sound technological facilities. This dearth in the amount of nursing stave is not just a matter for developing countries like Pakistan but also for the countries in the developed world. There are a host of reasons behind this deficiency in the amount of nursing staff, some of them being poor working conditions, low pay and poor job satisfaction. Among the factors that have contributed to the immense shortage of nurses in Pakistan are the increase in workload, lack of any admiration or reward such as monetary incentives and inflexible nursing management (Hamid, Malik, Kamran Ramzan, 2013).Therefore, there is a dire need to research this major work force of Pakistan that has been neglected and often taken for granted. This view was planned to examine occupational s tressors that the nurses face, coping strategies they deploy to deal with those stressors, and amiable health problems they have as a result of those stressors.The aims of the research were to start out the varietys among stressors of private and judicature hospital nurses. The objectives of this study were to find out the passings in the coping styles in nurses of government and private hospitals. The other objective was to find out whether awry(p) coping styles champion to rational health problems.Literature ReviewSahraian, Davidi, Bazrafshan Javadpour conducted a study in 2013 to find out the unalike kinds of occupational stressors faced by nurses across some(prenominal) wards, nurses working in surgical, internal and psychiatric wards were interviewed in teaching hospitals of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 180 nurses were selected who worked in surgical, internal and psychiatric wards of 4 teaching hospitals. The results of the study indicated that nurses of sur gical and internal wards showed significantly higher(prenominal) level of occupational as compared to the nurses working in psychiatric wards. It was ascertained finished the results obtained that job stressors of nurses differ across different wards in the hospitals.There are several sources of stress, the environment in which one works being one of the biggest stressors. The significance of management of occupational stress is acknowledged, it effects the production of work, and it is also found to be linked with the workers physical and mental health. This particular research sought to assess the basis and effects of work- connect stress on the capability, output, and competence of nurses. several(prenominal) factors of the job have been linked to stress for e.g., excess of work, feelings of powerlessness, lack of clarity about their role as a nurse and disagreements at work. Stagnancy in the expansion of career, fear of joblessness, feelings of being underestimated and ambiguit y in the chances of growth and promotion are some of the other stressors that were observed. This research revealed that stress negatively effects work effectiveness, de-motivates the performance, and instills the feelings of detachment towards the organization and its workers (Moustaka Constantinidis, 2010).Nursing is an extremely stressful job by nature and nurses use several coping strategies to deal with the stressors of their job. The aim of this study was to examine the major sources and consequences of job stress and coping weapon amongst nurses in public health services. The research was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. It was concluded through this research that the nature of the work itself was the biggest stressor for nurses. The work itself included the setting of the work place, the monotony of work and the over burden of work. Some other stressors that were identified were the insensitive and unprofessional nature of the superiors, lack of acknowledgement and work place clashes. It was also found out that increased social support of friends, family and colleagues worked as a despotic coping strategy against the effects of the occupational stressors. The participants relied on a number of other coping mechanisms to contend with the effects of the job (Beh Loo, 2012).Significance of the studyThis research can highlight the occupational stressors of nurses, the mental health problems they get as a consequence of not being able to cope with those work related stressors. This allow for show a different side of these professionals that people often fail to see and take their services for granted.Rationale of the studyAs mentioned above there hasnt been any research do on this population and even though this job is among the toughest jobs in the world, its not given untold regard in our part of the world. This study allow not only highlight the stressors that nurses face but exit also serve as a stepping stone for further researche s.Research QuestionsWhat is the dissimilitude between the stressors of nurses of private and government hospitals?What is the difference in the coping styles of nurses of private and government hospitals?What is the difference in the mental health problems of nurses of private and government hospitals?Working in which ward is the most stressful for the nurses of both government and private hospitals?Which shift is the cause of most stress for the nurses of both government and private hospitals?Do faulty coping styles lead to mental health problems?HypothesesIt is hypothesized that there provide be no significant difference between the job stressors of private and government hospitals.It is hypothesized that there will be no significant difference between the coping styles of private and government hospitals.It is hypothesized that there will be no significant difference between the mental health problems of private and government hospitals.It is hypothesized that positive coping b ehaviors would be associated negatively with mental health problems in nurses, and negative coping behaviors would be associated positively with mental health problems in nurses.It is hypothesized that higher the level of job stressors, higher the degree of mental health problems in nurses.MethodResearch formulaA cross-sectional research target will be used for this study. It will be a comparative study as it aims to find difference between job stressors, coping styles and mental health problems of nurses of private and government hospitals. Therefore a Correlational study design will be used. This design tests for statistical relationship between two variables which are nurses of private and government hospitals.SettingData will be gather uped from nurses of private and government hospitals.Phase I. Exploring the PhenomenologyDuring the first phase the phenomenon of occupational stressors of the nurses will be explored. A total number of 50 nurses will be interviewed, 25 from go vernment hospitals and 25 from private hospitals. Before beginning the interviews permission from the head nurse or the part of the nurses will be taken. The nurses will then be interviewed individually and will be asked about the stressors they face on a passing(a) basis. Open ended questions will be asked so as to elicit more comprehensive and tiny responses from the nurses.Phase II. Pilot StudyThe second phase is the trial phase which will determine the feasibleness of the research and will also determine the reliability and responsiveness of the items of the scale that is developed.Main StudyIn order to test the hypotheses the main study will be conducted.ParticipantsThis study will be conducted in government and private hospitals. The participants in this study will be a sample of 300 nurses, one hundred fifty from private hospitals and 150 from government hospitals.MeasuresDemographic data includes age, marital status, qualification, family system, no. of children, years o f experience and the kind of institution.Scales occupational stress scale, cope scale and general health questionnaire.The occupational stress scale is an innate scale which was developed according to the norms of our culture. The cope scale was also an indigenous scale which was adapted to find out the different coping styles of nurses in Pakistan. GHQ-12 was used to assess the mental health problems of the nurses, it is a psychometric tool often used to evaluate psychological distress, depression and anxiety.ProcedureIn order to collect data, the department of clinical Psychology University of Management and Technology Lahore will issue a letter which will explain the purpose of the research and data collection from different institutions. This letter will be presented to the nurses department at different government and private hospitals in order to obtain permission to collect data. later on the participants consent will be taken and the aim of the research will be explained t o the participants. Ethical considerations will be considered and after the completion of data collection, results will be analyzed.Analysis of ResultsOnce the data is collected, it will be analyzed by using SPSS 16.00 software program in order to test the hypotheses.

Japanese Policing Is Illustrated Criminology Essay

Japanese Policing Is Illustrated Criminology Essay succeeding(a) the establishment of the London metropolitan constabulary by Sir Robert Peel in 1829, the arrangement of law of nature forces throughout the country was a cumulative process, with separately anew topical anesthetic anesthetic practice of law force operating fit to the needs of individual communities they served. Hence, policing was part of the self-directed process insofar as was it was proposed to smoothen the needs of the public. In that history, the roots of English policing lay in a particular sh arary.The principles of companionship oriented policing in Britain in addition to some(prenominal) important aspects of its practice e.g. region patrols can be traced to the creation of captain policing in the nineteenth century and the ways in which the practice of law mandatory was established. Early authors of British policing such as Peel established the pattern that effective policing can only be atta ined with the approve of the confederacy. formal in 1829, The Peelian Principles currently are applicable and used in rectitude enforcement agencies and fellowship policing organizations across the world to mean solar day. The principles preserve the notion of policing by consent which has been at the core of British policing since. The second and third principles state that the police would not be able to operate without the progressive co-operation of the confederacy (ACPO 2012). lodge policing involves and is seemingly justified as necessary by the Peelian Principles stated above. This form the case, tho the difficulties facing communities alongside the police obligate altered all over term.In the Peelian model, found in Britain, the police are less pervasive of community than their overbearing counterparts and, while it is accepted that they do perform an troops of servicing tasks, police organizations are to a greater extent(prenominal) generally equipped towar ds necessity resolution and law enforcement than routine intervention in neighbourhood life. In Eastern organisations such as Japan, argues Bayley (1982, police are used as an important element in affectionate control, but in furrow with the other two models, tends to maintain order through harnessing the forces of informal well-disposed control. Rather than the use of robust and legal authority, they cultivate community meshing in crime control through extensive, armed service- port interactions with the community by typeface and persuasion allowing them to become an integrated part of the Japanese community in which they can regularly advise, engage and mediate matters (Bayley 1976). This conforms formatically to the ideal of the kobanIn western models of community policing the main function of the police is to maintain order, and where the citizen unremarkably fails to recognise the legitimacy of the state and its agents, the police. In such societies, the police whit ethorn carry out a range of administrative tasks on behalf of the state, but rarely return a public service that addresses the needs of the community. In comparison, a community-oriented system alike(p) Japan is one where the main function of the police is to provide a public service that addresses the widelyr needs of the community as distinguished by the Koban and Chuzaisho. The stress here is to a greater extent on crime as indicative of community problems as an affront to authority. much(prenominal) a model adopts that the police are afforded considerable legitimacy by local communities.Community policing elements in UK are, for example, incorporated in the Crime and roughness Act 1998. It facilitates for the administration of crime surveys to organise local priorities in maintain to crime and disorder. The English tradition of high levels of discretion and decentralisation of the police service similarly fit a community-oriented policing style. Community policing is al so in operation, albeit sometimes seemingly in disguise, in Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands. When introduced in western societies it very much means that a shift is made towards either more local efforts on crime prevention, a reprioritisation of non-emergency services, increased public accountability or a decentralisation of decision-making on policing (Skolnick and Bayley 1988). law of nature officers seem to have a great deal of respect in Japan, and koban officers are generally noble-minded of their neighbourhood and the work they do. Needless to say, in many countries around the nut this is not quite the case. Lack of trust between police and citizens result make effective community policing almost impossible. For example following Scarman comprehend (Scarman 1981) on Brixton riots, it focused attention on the needs for the police to spud closer exercises with members of the communities that they served. This led to the sense police were disconnected from the communit y and as a consequence they lacked the legitimacy required to police by consent. undeniably Bennett describes community policing as its most basic, a greater working union between the police and the public (Bennett 1994 224). Community police calls for much more decentralisation in the UKs policing system like US which has over 20,000 policing agencies throughout the country (Casey 2010) which is similar to the Japanese policing structure where police officers are seen as state servants. afterward the World War two, the US authorities initiated wide changes in Japan in build its police systems as a decentralized democratic body to impose a local system of policing from its invasive neighbourhood function.Neighbourhood policing has become the latest model of community policing in the UK, whilst community policing has been a prevalent model in the ground forces it hasnt been as noteworthy in the UK. Nevertheless during the early 2000s there was evolution anxiety to the rise in th e publics perception of crime. This eventually led to the knowledge of the National Reassurance Policing Programme (NRPP) which substantial a set of practical policing strategies that was orientated, largely, at reducing fear of crime midst the community. The Neighbourhood Policing model developed entirely out of the NRRP, and is infrataking with the extension of the policing family in order to provide each neighbourhood a local policing team that is both microscopic and accessible (Home Office 2008) much like the koban concept of community orientated policing in Japan where there are situated locally to facilitate police the community. John Alderson (1979), a former chief constable argued that nine was changing and that policing styles had to reflect this. Society was becoming free, permissive and participatory and authoritarian policing styles were no longer applicable (Alderson 1979 376). His vision for the future of policing consisted of important aims that are still rele vant in contemporary community policing styles for instance neighbourhood policing. In addition his suggestions placed emphasis on a more pro-active style of policing that works with the public in their communities again much like the koban concept of community oriented policing where they take a much more proactive role in taking a real rice beer to the local community needs of crime and disorder that is based upon active co-operation by preference to policing by consent.As for crime and community relations, at a time when policing in the UK and USA had drifted into more reactive and obscure modes, the Japanese koban appeared to offer a model of community policing at its beat and most effective. The Japanese Police Bureau was established in 1874 under the Ministry of Home Affairs. Japanese police were speculately oppressive and even instituted a thought control operation to blot out any opinion contrary to overt countenance of the regime in power (Kanfman 1975 17). After the Second World War, the US assisted Japan in rebuilding its police systems as a decentralized democratic body in an attempt to reduce the power of the police to impose a local system of policing. However these reforms were short lived and by 1954, Japan enacted a Police Law to restructure the police appropriate to cultural its needs (Hoffman 1982 Kanfman 1975) .By far the most well-known of the alternative models to the west is the koban structure of community policing in Japan. However, it contains a similar tradition of historical roots, of police consolidation with homogeneous communities of citizens, and of effectiveness. The Japanese koban offers a legitimate alternative to present day community policing in Western accounts. To serve local communities, the Japanese have local level substations, known as koban and chuzaisho, a residential police box in the rural areas. In the West the Police officers that would close resemble the Japanese Chuzaisho officers are the sheriffs in th e United States. The unit is typically a two-storey building, recognisable by the traditional red lamp. Koban officers normally do not drive around in patrol cars but are often on foot. This encourages frequent interactions with the community, where issues of crime are not the forefront, in addition with PCSOs in the UK who are highly visible in the communities predominantly on foot or cycle patrol. Yano (1989 127) describes them as All day, policemen at the koban (police boxes) halt watch on the neighbourhood, answers questions, and suspensor those who are in need of assistance. This provides a local presence that is missing in many western societies, although fairly parallel to UKs concept of neighbourhood teams in the UK.The core take aim of PCSOs is to support Neighbourhood Policing teams in their neighbourhood thus spending the majority of their time within neighbourhoods (NPIA 2008) therefore dealing with community priorities and concerns, through community engagement and effective problem solving but not wholly remindful of the koban community orientated policing concept.Kobans form the first line of police response to the public and as such the scope of general assistance is wide. Koban officers may lend out umbrellas, may act as a disjointed and found office and often run various community activities e.g. dispersion of local letters (Leishman 1999) to accepting a range of welfare and social service responsibilities. These officers attempt to become a part of the community, and their families often summate in performing these traffics whilst in Britain, PCSOs, are uniformed support staffs that help officers tackle issues such as vandalism and antisocial behaviour. The police officers also administer surveys. Police officers conduct twice-yearly house-by-house district surveys on residents for various training e.g. names, occupations, ages, vehicle registration numbers etc. which has almost become a custom in the Japanese culture as its volun tary and rarely opposed. This type of community policing practiced in Japan would create a breach of civil liberties in the Western community policing modelsThe Koban and Chuzaisho system ashes the foundation of Japans centralized police system. In contrast to community policing in western world three common characteristics exist between police box operations relative to the practices of Japanese corporations. In essence, Japanese community policing is meditative of Japanese culture whereas the Peelian model of crime-fighting, much adapted according to local national and cultural circumstances. The result historically was a mishmash of different police organizations concerned to enforce social order in communities from a local source. The theme of Japanese culture is groupism which interconnects the two severalise concepts of ie and mura. These two ideas cast Japan as one boastful family, in which each member is required to sacrifice their interest for the purpose of group welfa re. Consistent with the concept of groupism, urban police boxes play a central role in carrying out police affairs as a team, relative to the Japanese community. Crime control is perceived to be a collective responsibility, a community matter, and not a function solely allocated to the local or state authorities like in the UK. Secondly, samurai heritage forms seniority, the basis of promotion. In the work place, i.e. police officers are promoted on the basis of seniority rather than ability in contrast to that of the UK. Thirdly, the biography of a Japanese police officer is a lifetime inscription for both the officer and his family. Like all other professions in Japan, the job directs all other aspects of public and private life whereas in the UK police officers are required to retire after thirty years of service (Alarid Wang 1997). From the above it illustrates Japans is culturally very homogeneous as well as inclusive unlike the west. Apart from ethnic homogeneity, there is a supposed unity in social norms. Japanese culture places significant emphasis on the importance of harmony. Evidently, this is conducive to a community oriented policing style in Japan (Castberg 1990).

Impact of Food Industrialization

Impact of Food industrial enterpriseNikoleta KolevaThe Industrialization of Our Food System Are We Sacrificing Quality to Quantity?The industrialization of our diet supply is something that is becoming such(prenominal) popular amongst farmers and sustenance producers. One of the macroscopicalgest reasons in the all overcrowded conditions in farms and how easy it is for one animal to spread sicknesss to all, thus refinement in our plates. This becomes even to a greater extent problematic with the rise of globalization with an septic animal in a farm in Alabama that no one detects, batch in China can receive the disease and spread it from there. However, with the rise of industrialized agriculture, other significant problems put up arisen. obesity has skyrocketed as prices for naturally- heavy(p) provender increase quickly diseases, both behavioral and physical, have increased in children and m some(prenominal) much than drawbacks that would be too coherent to list . As for its history, industrial agriculture arose alongside the Industrial Revolution, something we atomic number 18 to a fault feeling the side-effects of today. It is a incident that by the end of the early ordinal century, agricultural techniques had improved so much that the output was many times greater than that seen in the Middle Ages. This was suiting and satisfactory, as the human state was growing at an exponential rate. Later on, as nitrogen, potassium and match were found and properly studied, they had a new purpose as man-made fertilizers and pesticides. With the increased usage of these elements and vitamin supplements, many farm animals face little and less exposure to nature and all that is natural, as they argon fully grown indoors. Furthermore, the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines ensured that animal-spread diseases do non occur in crowded facilities. However, as industrial agriculture becomes a more popular method, concerns have arisen over the sus tainability of intensive agriculture, which has been related to the decreasing soil quality in find places, such as the US, Australia, India and Asia.One strong proponent of the deindustrialization of the the Statesn aliment system is Al Jazeera. Since its establishment in 2006 as an international watchword source, it has gained a lot of momentum, due to their wide range of topics and top- nonch reporting or world events. The channel itself currently broadcasts to 250 million households across 130 countries. In their member supporting agriculture and the preservation of natural-growth farms, Vandana Shiva, the author of the article, states how many industrialization supporters keep falsifying information virtually the scale and contribution of entire market-gardening. Many of these advocates claim that constitutive(a) horticulture requires too much earthly concern grab and uses too many pesticides, when the facts are that industrial agriculture is create the deforestation of the rainforests in the Amazon and Indonesia, fuelling a land grab in Africa and Europe. In fact, according to the FAO International Technical Conference on sic Genetic Resources in Leipzig, industrial farming is the reason for seventy-five per cent biodiversity erosion, seventy-five per cent water destruction, seventy-five per cent land degradation, as well as forty per cent greenhouse gases. These high numbers racket wound the planet in ways unfixable and long lasting. Not entirely this, millions of farmers are losing their farms and hard work. Even the food, which is consumed by the population is suffering animals are put into factory farms and fed grain, as opposed to grass in a natural setting this is equal to an animal prison. This lack of nutrients affects both the animal and the human consumer, as citizenry are also spare of these important dietary ingredients. The simple fact is that as industrialized agriculture has gained popularity, the number of hungry people on the planet has also risen. This is an indicator that something is non right the food system has taken a defective step.The facts and evidence presented by Vandana Shiva are well informed and presented. I was swayed by her argument and found myself disliking industrialized agriculture much more than previously. It is clear that she did her research and knew what she was talking about all the way through. The article was very well-structured and delivered, with no stray points or unnecessary rants. While I was previously aware of the treatment of animals in industrialized farms, I was analphabetic on the impact it had on the planet milieually. Deforestation one of the to the highest degree serious problems we face today whether regarding global warming or the quenching of millions of species, however, the fact that humans are dormant doing it when we have other, currently available, picking is maddening. The facts are, countries that do not consume industrialized-grown fo od suffer from much cut rates of obesity and other food-related diseases. The problem the United States has is the fact that its organic food is much more overpriced and harder to pound than its industrialized-grown counterpart. It is an unfair pass wherefore should consumers not have an equal access to either pillow slip? This disadvantage creates an unescapable cycle people with less money do not obtain the organic food, thus consuming take down quality food with not enough nutrients. Since it lacks the richness of naturally grown food, people with lesser incomes consume more food, usually one that is unhealthy, cheap and lacking any types of significant nutrients. Thus, obesity begins sprouting up and rapidly spreading somewhat the country. The problem is escaping this poisonous cycle and learning a healthier ardor of living. Why should we industrialize food, when naturally grown food is tastier, uses less space, does not injure the Earth and its resources and does not aid in the wide-scale release of greenhouse gases?An opponent of the deindustrialization of the food system in the United States is Blake Hurst, published in the American Enterprise Institute. The AEI is an American establishment, focused on research and information on issues of government, politics, economics and social welfare. Started in Washington in 1943, it still runs there and supplies its large reviewership with thoughtful articles. In his article on why industrialized agriculture is not the enemy, Blake Hurst describes how he got the idea of discussing this topic. Whilst on a plane, he heard an organic farm activist broadcasting about the inhumanity of industrialized farming. Hurst was angered at the ignorance of the reporter and is now on a mission to educate people why industrialized farming is not harmful but beneficial. His first and strongest arguing point is that people who sit in offices all day and stare at estimator screens do not know what being a farmer is, a s yet they demand things they are not well-informed on. Telling someone how to do their work when you have no sensible information on the content is selfish and may oftentimes be completely wrong. Hurst states that critics of industrial farming spend more or less of their time complaining about the way the food is raised, in regards to conditions and treatment. As his argument, he describe turkeys and how when they are naturally raised, they are not smart enough to survive long enough to be used as food. Furthermore, as President Obama and his government listen more and more to the public and demand fairer treatment of animals, the farmers cannot do anything to disprove and obey. Indeed, industrial farming conditions for animals are improving drastically. Hurts argues that nature is sometimes even more cruel than farmers, with mother pigs eating their offspring and that life is unfair all-around.Hursts article on why industrial farming is not brutal was written well but lacked a strong punch that sways the reader to his side. Starting off with a personal story was a polished touch and humanized the writer, making him both relatable and approachable. His point on the fact that people who do not produce food do not rightfully understand what is going on was the strongest out of all the ones later listed. It is aline with no first-hand experience, it is easy to rally for something when one is not aware of the metre of labor that goes into it. Organically-grown food is advertised as healthier and cruelty-less grown, but what do people who live in cities without animals know about how food is truly grown? However, that is where Hursts argument begins weakening and losing its initial punch. One big mistake in his article is the lack of focus on the environmental impact the industrial agriculture creates. In fact, most farmers that do not grow organic food fail to mention how their crops affect the environment and pollute various sources permanently. It was a lso scarcely mentioned how the health of the American citizens has significantly gone down after industrial agriculture became more and more popular with farmers and food producers. Hurst does mention that the old-fashioned way of farming is much more demanding and dirty but should food consumers and farmers both eat lower quality food because someone does not want to work? As Shiva mentioned in her article, food is what we are. What we eat is absolutely essential to our boilers suit well-being and happiness. As obesity rates, not only in America but all over the world, continue to exponentially increase, it is important for us to find the source and come up with a solution.When exploring this topic, I complete how ignorant I was on many of these facts and side effects of industrially-grown food. However, when thinking about it, the proponents arguments make a lot more sense. As someone from a country that grows all of its food naturally, when miserable to the United States, I d efinitely noticed a decrease in both quality and taste. Everything is larger, unnaturally so, lacking of taste and not as satisfactory. In my country, for less than a dollar, I could get a mountain of naturally grown fruits and vegetables, while in America, I can get a smaller, industrially-grown, quantity. It is both disappointing and saddening. Humans need these nutrients, why should I pay so much to consume them? I believe the saddest fact is that many countries follow Americas steps and search for easier ways to complete food growing. This can be noted, as obesity begins wage increase all around the globe, with the spread of fast food American chains, which do not offer any type of nutritionally significant food. Chains, such as McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, Wendys, etc., sell food for cheap. When families with lower incomes go out to purchase food, it is much easier to get more of one type of food, instead of a few of another, even if the latter is healthier. Food has always b een a liberty to our species but at this point in history, when there is an opportunity for most people to easily consume it, why are we settling for the whip of the available choices? Why should organic food, which our bodies need be more expensive and harder to obtain than junk food, something that should not be consumed at a eonian rate? Because it is the easy opt-out and costs less for giant corporations to produce.